Jose Garcia

Este texto se inscribe en una copiosa tradición bibliográfica que ha buscado los puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre las figuras fenomenológicas más importantes del siglo XX: Husserl y Heidegger. De esta forma, y partiendo de las bases crítica que supone la irrupción pública del proyecto de la ciencia originaria heideggeriana en 1919, me propongo, en primer lugar, repasar la crítica de Heidegger a la historia de la filosofía, la cual, a su juicio, ha cometido el pecado original de ser teórica; y, en esa línea, cómo dicha teorización se ha visto, principalmente, en la absolutización de la percepción al momento de describir la relación originaria entre el ser humano y el mundo. Este hilo crítico, aunque no sea explícito, llega hasta las canteras de Husserl. Frente a esto, en segundo lugar, ensayo una posible respuesta a dicha crítica a la luz del descubrimiento husserliano del flujo absoluto, el cual podemos extraer de las Lecciones sobre la conciencia interna del tiempo.

Este trabajo es una reflexión teórica con evidencias empíricas sobre los sueños o las ensoñaciones —o composiciones oníricas, como las llamaba Freud— a partir de la investigación “El papel de la conciencia en las experiencias oníricas. En este artículo se busca en primera instancia una descripción desde diferentes autores que han aportado a la fenomenología de los sueños; luego se plantea una reflexión que apunta a defender el ser-en-los-sueños. Posteriormente, se presenta la caracterización sobre el mundo de los sueños como una alternativa del mundo de la vida de Husserl y, por último, se evidencia las descripciones con algunos sueños que se han tomado de la investigación de origen, para culminar con algunos enunciados conclusivos que han de continuar fortaleciendo la fenomenología de los sueños.

The aim of the article is to provide a research result to support the process of consensual and collegiate decision-making in order to mix study models in undergraduate degree courses and postgraduate projects in higher education. The deductive method was used as a starting point and a mixed phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was applied for the methodological design, based on the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques, for which a sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students was selected from the active student population in the year 2021. A structured survey was applied as a technique and a nominal scale was used to collect and analyse the data, which made it possible to determine the students' preferences according to the face-to-face or virtual modality, as well as the incidence of the mixture of both modalities for learning. The results of the research show that undergraduate students show a preference for the face-to-face modality, while postgraduate students prefer the virtual modality. From the examination of the problem, the analysis of the theoretical framework and the applied methodology, it is concluded that the results of the research can help in the process of collegiate decision making by the management agents of higher education institutions, to adequately dose the time load of the face-to-face or virtual modalities, as appropriate to the degree courses and projects.

En este ensayo se plantea la progresiva pérdida, en las últimas décadas, de la ubicación en el sistema productivo en cuanto elemento identitario de la ciudadanía, lo que, desde perspectivas más o menos afines a planteamientos libertarios, ha conllevado dos líneas fundamentales de disidencia y protesta social. En primer lugar, a partir del desarrollo de planteamientos ideológicos que rechazan el trabajo asalariado, por su naturaleza alienante y en connivencia con el establishment. Y en segundo lugar, desde las posiciones de quienes ven en el consumo el mecanismo para la transformación social, a través de estrategias, ora cercanas al decrecimiento, ora defensoras de una utilización política de los ingresos. A lo largo del texto se ilustran con ejemplos y propuestas concretas ambas líneas de actuación, que evidencian la evolución del homo laborans al homo consumens

Objective: The study was designed to substantiate the obligations to the human embryo that can be established from the standpoint of autonomy, by showing the human embryo to be a subject of rights. Materials and Methods: Documentary research was done, supplemented with content from in-depth interviews conducted with a team of leading experts in medicine, law and philosophy. A script was used as a research tool, but with the freedom to expand on some of the issues with new questions suggested by the person being interviewed or by the research team, as relevant to each interview. Results: Eight experts were interviewed: two in medicine, three in rights and three in philosophy. The interviews clearly showed there is an objective basis for the human rights of the embryo, which now are being violated by so-called legal abortion, through decriminalization via exceptions and decriminaliza-tion based on terms. Conclusion: We live in a society that has lost sight of the very foundation of common sense when it comes to protecting the unborn, especially in its embryonic stage, appealing to the bioethical principles of dignity, integrity and vulnerability.

This essay poses the progressive loss, in the last decades, of the location in the productive system as soon as identity of the citizenship, what, from anarchistic attitudes, has comported two fundamental lines of dissidence and social protest. Firstly, from the development of ideological frames that refuse the employee work, because it shows the alienation and the establishment support. And second, from the positions of those who see in the consumption the mechanism for the social transformation, through strategies based on a political utilization of the income. Along the text we illustrate with examples and concrete proposals both lines of behaviour, that shows the evolution from the homo laborans to the homo consumens.

This paper expounds a symbolic interactionist theory of consciousness as an emergent phenomenon. It relates Michael Arbib's theory of the origin of language and Erving Goffman's frame analysis, especially as it bears on our understanding of the subject and of personal experience. Reflexivity and fictional mimesis are shown to be inherent to the origin of language and to the continuing emergent creativity of human communicative action. The emergent aspect of consciousness is also dealt with from the perspective of a narrative theory of subjective experience and of human temporality which can usefully complement and relate Arbib's and Goffman's views.

Introducción. En este artículo abordamos la noción heideggeriana de “preciencia”, puesto que se trata de conocer y pensar la incidencia de las características del existente en su actividad. Antes de todo está la existencia, que es condición de posibilidad para toda disciplina. El tiempo, que determina a la existencia, se va a convertir en el fenómeno radical que define al ser humano como Dasein. Este es el término dado al sujeto de la “preciencia” y que traduciremos por Extar, pues creemos que así se puede entender mejor un pensar caracterizado por la finitud. Metodología. Hemos elaborado este trabajo mediante un análisis hermenéutico de carácter genealógico fundado en el despliegue de la eseidad. Resultados y conclusiones. El tiempo no es un tema científico sino precientífico. Por tanto, es la ontología, y no la ciencia, la que se ocupa de él. No es un fenómeno de la física sino un fenómeno afectivo.

Background: Current interventions to enhance patient self-efficacy, a key mediator of health behavior, have limited primary care application. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of an office-based intervention for training resident physicians to use self-efficacy-enhancing interviewing techniques. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Participants: Family medicine and internal medicine resident physicians at an academic medical center. Measurements: Resident use of SEE IT was coded from audio recordings of the physician-patient portion of two standardized patient instructor training visits and two unannounced post-training SP visits, all involving common physical and mental health conditions and behavior change issues. One post-training SP visit involved health conditions similar to those experienced in training, while the other involved new conditions. Results: Experimental group residents demonstrated significantly greater use of SEE IT than controls, starting after the first training visit and sustained through the final post-training visit. The mean effect of the intervention was significant [adjusted incidence rate ratio for increased use of SEE IT∈=∈1.94 ]. There were no significant effects of resident gender, race/ethnicity, specialty, training level, or SP health conditions. Conclusions: SP instructors can teach resident physicians to apply SEE IT during SP office visits, and the effects extend to health conditions beyond those used for training. Future studies should explore the effects of the intervention on practicing physicians, physician use of SEE IT during actual patient visits, and its influence on patient health behaviors and outcomes.

The dissertation is a study of Berkeley's ideas on mathematics in which an evaluation is made of their merit and of their possible relevance to present day studies on the subject. ;The study is divided in five chapters and four appendices, in which the following subjects are discussed: Berkeley's arguments against infinite divisibility; his ideas on arithmetic and algebra, plus an appendix on the several views on numbers held by philosophers and mathematicians contemporaneous to or of about Berkeley's time. A third chapter deals with Berkeley's ideas on geometry; I add two appendices: one on Berkeley and the Pythagoreans, where I consider with some detail problems which arise within Berkeley's perceptual geometry and irrational magnitudes; the second one, on Berkeley and Epicurus on minima, where I argue that Berkeleyan minima have to be extended, and I show that this view was held also by Epicurus, whom I take as a strong influence on Berkeley's thought. Chapter four is a schematic survey of the historical of the calculus, from its Greek origins to the eighteenth century, underlining the several methods used by the mathematicians to obtain their results, methods which will come under attack in Berkeley's Analyst. Finally, in chapter five I study Berkeley's attack to the foundations of the calculus as is put forth in The Analyst. I conclude the dissertation with a brief appendix on A. Robinson's work on infinitesimals, which sheds light both on why infinitesimals were so useful to XVIIth and XVIIIth century mathematicians, and why they were so difficult to be subjected to a systematic treatment by means of the mathematical tools then available. ;My overall appraisal of Berkeley's work is not uniform: there are points where he was ahead of his time, in his views on arithmetic and algebra; at other points, in geometry, say, he did not have a clear view of what was the aim of the mathematicians. As regards the calculus, I consider his criticism pointed in the right direction and was an important element in moving the mathematicians to look for sounder foundations for their discipline.