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56A virtue epistemology. Apt belief and reflective knowledge - by E. Sosa (review)Dialectica 63 (1): 85-89. 2009.No Abstract
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426Our thesis is that there is a notion of justification, corresponding to the active exercise of a competence in order to attain truth, whose value is explained neither by reliabilism, nor by the usual versions of credit theory.
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64Rationalité et affectivité des intuitionsPhilosophiques 44 (1): 31-47. 2017.Cette contribution a deux objectifs principaux. Le premier est de montrer que les intuitions sont caractérisées par ce que j’appellerai « une capacité rationnelle », c’est-à-dire, qu’elles sont susceptibles d’être évaluées quant à leur rationalité ou leur irrationalité. Le second objectif de cet article est d’étayer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les intuitions seraient des états affectifs proches des émotions — et non pas des états doxastiques ou des expériences perceptuelles —, en montrant qu’une …Read more
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La justification des croyances testimoniales: le malentenduIn Jean-Marie Chevalier & Benoît Gaultier (eds.), Connaître: Questions d’épistémologie contemporaine, Editions D'ithaque. pp. 231-252. 2014.Ce chapitre discute de la justification des croyances testimoniales, c’est-à-dire de la justification des croyances que nous adoptons en nous appuyant sur le témoignage d’autrui. Plus précisément, la question à laquelle cette contribution s’intéresse est celle des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes de la justification des croyances testimoniales. Il y a deux manières classiques, et soi-disant antagonistes, d’y répondre: la réponse réductionnisme et la réponse non-réductionniste. L’objectif de…Read more
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26Qu'est-ce que la justification?Vrin. 2015.Il existe plusieurs facons de mettre en doute ce que nous tenons pour vrai, c'est-a-dire ce que nous croyons. Tout d'abord, nous pouvons, evidemment, nous demander si ces croyances sont vraies. Une autre maniere cruciale d'evaluer le merite de nos croyances consiste a nous interroger sur leur justification. Autrement dit, quelle que soit leur verite ou leur faussete, sommes-nous justifies a entretenir les croyances en question? Et, plus fondamentalement, qu'est-ce qu'etre justifie a croire? Dans…Read more
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167Epistemic Emotions: a Natural Kind?Philosophical Inquiries 2 (1): 173-190. 2014.The general aim of this article is to consider whether various affective phenomena – feelings like the feeling of knowing, of familiarity, of certainty, etc., but also phenomena like curiosity, interest, surprise and trust – which have been labelled “epistemic emotions” in fact constitute a unified kind, i.e., the kind of the so-called “epistemic emotions”. Obviously, for an affective phenomenon to belong to the kind of the epistemic emotions, it has to meet two conditions: it has to qualify, firs…Read more
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492Aristote chez les Helvètes: Douze essais de métaphysique helvétique (edited book)Ithaque. 2014.À l’origine de la philosophie comme des sciences, il y a, selon Aristote, « l’étonnement de ce que les choses sont ce qu’elles sont ». Nul doute qu’Aristote aurait trouvé en Suisse maints sujets d’étonnement. Qu’est-ce qu’une vache ? Qu’est-ce qu’une montagne ? Qu’est-ce que le Röstigraben ? Qu’est-ce qu’une fondue ? Qu’est-ce qu’un trou dans l’emmental ? Qu’est-ce que l’argent ? Qu’est-ce qu’une banque ? Qu’est-ce qu’une confédération ? Qu’est-ce qu’une horloge ? Qui est Roger Federer ? Qu’es…Read more
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87The Consequential Conception of Doxastic ResponsibilityTheoria 82 (4): 4-28. 2016.We are occasionally responsible for our beliefs. But is this doxastic responsibility analogous to any non-attitudinal form of responsibility? What I shall call the consequential conception of doxastic responsibility holds that the kind of responsibility that we have for our beliefs is indeed analogous to the kind of responsibility that we have for the consequences of our actions. This article does two things, both with the aim of defending this somewhat unsophisticated but intuitive view of doxa…Read more
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Responsabilité de croire et impossibilité de croire à volontéIn Laurent Jaffro (ed.), Croit-on comme on veut? Histoire d'une controverse. Collection: Analyse et Philosophie, Vrin. pp. 223-239. 2013.Sommes-nous, au moins occasionnellement, responsables de nos croyances ? Une chose est sûre, en pratique, nous considérons souvent que tel est le cas. Mais l’attribution d’une telle responsabilité est problématique dans la mesure où les croyances ne sont pas des états mentaux que nous contrôlons comme nous contrôlons, par exemple, nos actions. Cet article est consacré à préciser, à expliquer et à défendre l’affirmation selon laquelle les croyances ne sont pas des états mentaux que nous pouvons …Read more
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46Foundations of an Ethics of BeliefDe Gruyter. 2013.In the course of our daily lives we make lots of evaluations of actions. We think that driving above the speed limit is dangerous, that giving up one’s bus seat to the elderly is polite, that stirring eggs with a plastic spoon is neither good nor bad. We understand too that we may be praised or blamed for actions performed on the basis of these evaluations. The same is true in the case of certain beliefs. Sometimes we blame people for what they believe falsely or irrationally. On occasion, we pr…Read more
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82Epistemic Circularity and the Problem of Cheap CreditPhilosophical Papers 40 (3): 327-340. 2011.Abstract This article raises a worry concerning Ernest Sosa's way of solving the problem of epistemic circularity. Sosa's solution to the problem of epistemic circularity relies on the following claim of sufficiency: for S to deserve to be credited for his true belief, it is sufficient that his belief is, in a sense to be made clear, ?apt?. I argue that this solution undersells the notion of credit. I present three kinds of cases in which the attribution of credit to a believer requires more tha…Read more
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La justification des croyances. Mentalisme, accessibilisme et déontologismeRepha 5 1-13. 2012.L’objectif de cet article est de clarifier les relations qu’entretiennent trois théories de la justification des croyances, toutes considérées comme des théories internalistes 1 : la conception déontique (le déontologisme), la conception accessibiliste (l’accessibilisme) et la conception mentaliste (le mentalisme). Nous expliquerons qu’en dépit de ce que l’on pourrait penser à première vue l’adoption de l’accessibilisme n’implique pas celle du mentalisme. Dans un second temps, nous montrerons po…Read more
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110The Legitimacy of Intellectual Praise and BlameJournal of Philosophical Research 40 189-203. 2015.We frequently praise or blame people for what they believe or fail to believe as a result of their having investigated some matter thoroughly, or, in the case of blame, for having failed to investigate it, or for carelessly or insufficiently investigating. for instance, physicists who, after years of toil, uncover some unknown fact about our universe are praised for what they come to know. sometimes, in contrast, we blame and may even despise our friends for being ignorant of certain ecological …Read more
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34The Value Problem of Knowledge. Against a Reliabilist SolutionProceedings of the Latin Meeting in Analytic Philosophy 85-92. 2007.A satisfying theory of knowledge has to explain why knowledge seems to be better than mere true belief. In this paper, I try to show that the best reliabilist explanation (ERA+) is still not able to solve this problem. According to an already elaborated answer (ERA), it is better to possess knowledge that p because this makes likely that one’s future belief of a similar kind will also be true. I begin with a metaphysical comment which gives birth to ERA +, a better formulation of ERA. Then, I ra…Read more
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88In support of the Knowledge-First conception of the normativity of justificationIn J. Adam Carter, Emma C. Gordon & Benjamin W. Jarvis (eds.), Knowledge First: Approaches in Epistemology and Mind, Oxford University Press. pp. 246-258. 2017.The knowledge-first solution to the New Evil Demon Problem (NEDP) goes hand in hand with a particular conception of the normativity of justification, one according to which a justified belief is one that satisfies some sort of ought or should (Williamson forthcoming). This claim is incompatible with another, well accepted, view that regards the normativity of justification. According to this established view, a justified belief is rather something that is neither obligatory, nor forbidden (see …Read more
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La métaphysique, c’est la science de l’être en tant qu’être, ou bien?In Olivier Massin & Anne Meylan (eds.), Aristote chez les Helvètes: Douze essais de métaphysique helvétique, Ithaque. pp. 1-3. 2014.
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147The Value Problem of Knowledge: an Axiological Diagnosis of the Credit SolutionRes Philosophica 90 (2): 261-275. 2013.The value problem of knowledge is one of the prominent problems that philosophical accounts of knowledge are expected to solve. According to the credit solution, a well-known solution to this problem, knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief because the former is creditable to a subject’s cognitive competence. But what is “credit value”? How does it connect to the already existing distinctions between values? The purpose of the present paper is to answer these questions. Its most importa…Read more
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1Virtue-Reliabilism and the Value of Knowledge: Classical and New ProblemsIn Heather D. Battaly (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Virtue Epistemology, Routledge. pp. 317-329. 2018.This first part of this chapter presents the virtue-reliabilist answer to the classical value problems of knowledge. According to this solution, the reason why knowledge is a better cognitive state than what falls short of it —viz. mere true and true+Gettierized beliefs— is as follows: when a subject knows, she deserves credit for her true belief. The second part of this chapter is devoted to showing that this solution cannot be extended to solve the " new " value problem, that is to say, the pr…Read more
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L'intéressantIn Emma Tieffenbach & Julien Deonna (eds.), Petit dictionnaire des valeurs, Ithaque. pp. 178-186. 2018.
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University of ZürichAssistant Professor
Zürich, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland
Areas of Specialization
Epistemology |
Meta-Ethics |
Areas of Interest
Philosophy of Action |