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140Analogy-making in situation theoryIn Randal B. Bernstein & Wesley N. Curtis (eds.), Artificial Intelligence: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. pp. 299-321. 2008.Analogy-making is finding analogies between different situations. In this paper, we provide a new model of computational analogy-making which uses Situation Theory as its formal background. Situation Theory is a semantic and logical theory which provides a naturalistic way to represent relations in situations. The system described in this paper is aimed at solving analogy problems made by basic geometric figures in a chessboard-like environment.
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138Proceedings of the First Turkish Conference on AI and Artificial Neural NetworksBilkent Meteksan Publishing. 1992.This is the proceedings of the "1st Turkish Conference on AI and ANNs," K. Oflazer, V. Akman, H. A. Guvenir, and U. Halici (editors). The conference was held at Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara on 25-26 June 1992. Language of contributions: English and Turkish.
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137Representing emotions in terms of object directednessDepartment of Computer Engineering Technical Reports, Bilkent University. 1994.A logical formalization of emotions is considered to be tricky because they appear to have no strict types, reasons, and consequences. On the other hand, such a formalization is crucial for commonsense reasoning. Here, the so-called "object directedness" of emotions is studied by using Helen Nissenbaum's influential ideas.
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136Gul A. Agha, Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems (review)AI Magazine 11 (4): 92-93. 1990.This is a review of Gul A. Agha’s Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems (The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1987), a part of the MIT Press Series in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Patrick Winston, Michael Brady, and Daniel Bobrow.
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135Peter D. Mosses, Action Semantics (review)Journal of Logic and Computation 3 (4): 442-444. 1993.This is a review of Action Semantics, by Peter D. Mosses, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science 26, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
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134Bruce D'Ambrosio, Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 2 (2): 25-27. 1991.Ken Forbus's Qualitative Process Theory (QPT) is a popular theory for reasoning about the physical aspects of the daily world. Qualitative Process Theory Using Linguistic Variables by Bruce D'Ambrosio (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989) is an attempt to fill some gaps in QPT.
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133Robotlar ve planlamaElektrik Mühendisliği 391 37-43. 1993.Planlama --- bir amaca ulaşmak üzere bir aksiyonlar bütünü tasarlamak --- yapay zekadaki en temel problemlerden biridir. Bu yazıda, robotikte planlama konusuna mantıkçı (logicist) yaklaşım ele alınmaktadır. [Planning --- devising a plan of action to reach a given goal --- is a fundamental problem in AI. This paper reviews the logicist approach to planning in robotics.]
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133Dashes as typographical cues for the information structureIn ITALLC '98: Third Conference on Information-Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language, and Computation, Proceedings. 1998.We take em-dash as our sample punctuation mark and examine its usage from a discourse perspective, using sentences from well-known corpora. We particularly comment on how dashes can give hints on information structure, focus, and anaphora. Throughout the paper Discourse Representation Theory is used as a framework.
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133Absolut IIn Filip Buekens (ed.), Proceedings of Information, Indexicality and Consciousness: A Conference on John Perry, Department of Philosophy, Tilburg University. 2001.Having been influenced by John Perry's 1997 article, "Indexicals and Demonstratives," in this paper I take a closer look at contexts for indexicals, more specifically the indexical "I." (N.B. The adjective in the title is not misspelt; it is used in the sense of the leading brand of premium vodka.)
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132The mark of the mentalBilkent News 4 (27). 1998.This is a short introduction to the puzzling -- even mysterious -- subject that there is a place for minds in a material world.
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130Focusing for pronoun resolution in English discourse: an implementationDepartment of Computer Engineering Technical Reports, Bilkent University. 1994.Anaphora resolution is one of the most active research areas in natural language processing. This study examines focusing as a tool for the resolution of pronouns which are a kind of anaphora. Focusing is a discourse phenomenon like anaphora. Candy Sidner formalized focusing in her 1979 MIT PhD thesis and devised several algorithms to resolve definite anaphora including pronouns. She presented her theory in a computational framework but did not generally implement the algorithms. Her algorithms …Read more
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129Situated processing of pronominal anaphoraIn Harald Trost (ed.), Proceedings of KONVENS'94, Informatik Xpress. 1994.We describe a novel approach to the analysis of pronominal anaphora in Turkish. A computational medium which is based on situation theory is used as our implementation tool. The task of resolving pronominal anaphora is demonstrated in this environment which employs situation-theoretic constructs for processing.
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127The logic of counteractionElektrik 1 (3): 167-181. 1993.We extend causal theories and study actions in domains involving multiple agents. Causal theories, invented by Yoav Shoham, are based on a temporal nonmonotonic logic and have computationally tractable aspects. Since Shoham's formalism does not provide an adequate mechanism for representing simultaneous actions and specifying their consequences, we introduce the notion of counteractions while preserving the efficiency and model-theoretic properties of causal theories.
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126Context and the indexical 'I'1st North American Summer School in Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI) Workshop on Cognition: Formal Models and Experimental Results, John Perry (Organizer), CSLI, Stanford, CA. 2002.John Perry argued that the clearest case of an indexical that relies only on the narrow context is 'I,' whose designation depends on the agent and nothing else. In this presentation, I give some examples which show that this view, while essentially correct, may have problems in some rare divergent cases.
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125P. H. Winston & R. H. Brown, eds., Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective (Volume 2) (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 85 26-27. 1983.Review of "Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective, Volume 2: Understanding Vision, Manipulation, Computer Design, Symbol Manipulation," Patrick Henry Winston & Richard Henry Brown (eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2nd printing, 1980.
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124Guest editor's introduction: artificial intelligenceTurkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 9 (1). 2001.Founded in 1993, ELEKTRIK: Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, has gradually become better known and is fast establishing itself as a research oriented publication outlet with high academic standards. In a modest attempt to advance this trend, this special issue of ELEKTRIK brings together five papers exemplifying the state of the art in artificial intelligence (AI). Written by experts, the papers are especially aimed at readers interested in gaining a better apprais…Read more
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121On a proposal of Strawson concerning context vs. 'what is said'In Paolo Bouquet, Luciano Serafini & Richmond H. Thomason (eds.), Perspectives on Contexts, CSLI Lecture Notes No. 180, Center For the Study of Language and Information Publications. pp. 79-94. 2008.In Strawson’s Entity and Identity, there are two essays (Chapters 11 and 12), which study the notion of context. In these essays, Strawson advances a threefold distinction regarding how context bears on the meaning of 'what is said' when a sentence is uttered. In this paper, we'll (i) review the original scheme of Strawson and summarize his improvements to his own scheme, and (ii) add our own improvements to make it even more thoroughgoing. We'll also show that unless it is elaborated with sever…Read more
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119Commonsense aspects of buying and sellingCybernetics and Systems: An International Journal 27 (4): 327-352. 1996.We describe an experimental approach toward implementing a commonsense "microtheory" for buying and selling. Our prototype system characterizes how intelligent agents hold items and money, how they buy and sell items, and the way money and items are transferred. The ontology of the system includes money (cash, check, credit card), agents (people, organizations), items (movable, real estate, service), barter, and the notions of transfer, loan, buying by installments, profit, and loss.
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116Drew V. McDermott, Mind and Mechanism (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2002 (5). 2002.This is a review of Drew V. McDermott, Mind and Mechanism, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
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116Undaunted setsACM SIGACT News 23 (1): 47-48. 1992.This is a short piece of humor (I hope) on nonstandard set theories. An earlier version appeared in Bull. EATCS 45: 146-147 (1991).
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112Reading McDermott (review)Artificial Intelligence 151 (1-2): 227-235. 2003.[This is a review of: Drew McDermott, Mind and Mechanism, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.] The author is interested in computational approaches to consciousness. His reason for working in the field of AI is to solve the mind-body problem, that is, to understand how the brain can have experiences. This is an intricate project because it involves elucidation of the relationship between our mentality and its physical foundation. How can a biological/chemical system (the human body) have experiences…Read more
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110On an alleged problem with Stalnaker’s representation of contextContexts in Logics, a Workshop Co-Located with CONTEXT'01: 3rd International Conference on Modeling and Using Context, Dundee, UK. 2001.We consider an objection of Hans Kamp (based on an example by Barbara Partee) to Robert Stalnaker's model of context.
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110IdentityIn A. C. Grayling, Naomi Goulder & Andrew Pyle (eds.), The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy (4 volumes), Continuum. pp. 1610-1611. 2006.In logic, the law (or principle) of identity states simply: 'A is A'. This article gives a concise account of identity.
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109P. H. Winston & R. H. Brown, eds. Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective (Volume 1) (review)ACM SIGART Bulletin 84 24-26. 1983.Review of "Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective, Volume 1: Expert Problem Solving, Natural Language Understanding, Intelligent Computer Coaches, Representation and Learning," Patrick Henry Winston & Richard Henry Brown (eds.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1979.
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98Notions and oraclesIn The Role of Pragmatics in Contemporary Philosophy: Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society, Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. 1997.On Crimmins and Perry’s account of propositional attitude ascription (1989), beliefs are concrete cognitive structures—particulars ("things in the head") that belong to an agent and that have a lifetime. They are related to the world and to other cognitive structures and abilities, allowing one to classify the latter by propositional content. Containing ideas and notions as constituents, beliefs are structured entities. The difference between notions and ideas is the difference between an agent’…Read more
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