Shamima Lasker

Good care is the reflection of care ethics. To improve the quality of care, moral behavior is needed in addition to law and regulation. Personal involvement and motivation of care are important elements of good care. Thus, health care provider must change their perspective. Their education on medical ethics needs to be more practically oriented rather than theoretical. In addition, ethical reflection is a contextual and experiential learning process. Bioethics training is required in order to foster, inter alia, the moral power of imagination of care providers. This issue of the Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics is designated with articles on ethics in patient care.

Good care is the reflection of care ethics. To improve the quality of care, moral behavior is needed in addition to law and regulation. Personal involvement and motivation of care are important elements of good care. Thus, health care provider must change their perspective. Their education on medical ethics needs to be more practically oriented rather than theoretical. In addition, ethical reflection is a contextual and experiential learning process. Bioethics training is required in order to foster, inter alia, the moral power of imagination of care providers. This issue of the Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics is designated with articles on ethics in patient care.

Asian Bioethics Conference (ABC20) was held on 22-25 Nov. 2019 at DGHS (Directorate General of Health Services) auditorium, Mohakhali and NEC (National Election Commission) Auditorium, Agargoan, Dhaka. Conference was organized by Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) in cooperation with DGHS, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,; Social Science Research Council Bangladesh, the Ministry of Planning; Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Mohakhali Dhaka; Asian Bioethics Association (ABA) and Eubios Ethics Institute, Thailand, New Zealand’s and Japan. Mr MA Mannan MP, Honorable Planning Minister, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh was the Chief Guest. Dr. Md. Murad Hassan MP, Honorable State Minister, Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was present as Special Guest. Md. Nurul Amin, Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning and Dr Iqbal Kabir, Director, Planning, Monitoring, & Research and Coordinator, DGHS were also present as Special Guests. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge our gratitude to the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh to publish the news of 20 Asian Bioethics Conference in the Policy Brief. We also express our thanks to DGHS for their cooperation and collaboration during the Conference.

Bangladesh Bioethics Society in cooperation with National Institute of Neuro Science (NINS), Agargoan, Dhaka is going to organized 60 hours Training Course on Applied Research Methodology and SPSS on March 14-22, 2021 for the Post graduate Medical Students of NINS and Member of BBS. The course is designed to familiarize the participants with modern tools, techniques and methodologies of research to develop professional knowledge and skills in the field of Health Care System. After completion of the course, participants will be expected to undertake research projects independently and to be able to evaluate the research progress at each stage of the process. Mohammad Jainul Bari, Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh will be the Chief Guest. Advisor Research & Publication, WHO Prof Dr Mohammad Mostofa Zaman, Focal Point, Gender, Equity & Rights, WHO will be the special Guest. Prof. (Dr.) Quazi Deen Mohammed, Professor of Neurology & Director, National Institute of Neuroscience will host of the programme as a Local Coordinator. This programme is funded by SSRC, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. There is no registration fee. Morning Refreshment and Lunch will be provided. There is some remuneration for the participants. Interested are requested to contact Prof Shamima Pervin Lasker PhD, Professor & Head of Anatomy, Shahabuddin Medical College at [email protected].

Many discussions have been held on the impact of climate change, infrastructure development, and minimizing the displacement and resilience in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Climate change is one of the risk factors for vulnerability. Nonetheless, the role of the IRB (Institutional Review Board) regarding climate change issues during protocol review is lacking. Currently, the Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) has organized workshops on the IRB on climate change in health research. This initiatives represent a new episode in Bangladesh. This article highlights information about the current awareness programme that may be of interest to readers and policy guidelines. The perceptions and expectations of IRB members regarding workshops were captured through qualitative assessment to improve future workshops on climate change.

When police abuse their duties, it undermines the state's internal security. It creates a crisis of legitimacy of police because people detest them for their abuse and tyranny. In 1957, IACP (the International Association of Chiefs of Police) developed an ethics tool Code of Ethics for law enforcement. Nevertheless, training has been focused and emphasized on techniques and tactics of policing. Ethics is not the part of presell of the training. The Code of Ethics is pronounced once in a life only during pass-out day. Police face dilemmas in real-time situations with people and society. This is why, this article is concerned with ethics a tool, and procedures to reduce police abuse.

Education on authorship was delivered and evaluated by pre test and post test questionnairen on 30 post graduate medical students at the Department of Anestheology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh between January and June 2019 to understand the knowledge, skill and attitude of post graduate medical students on authorship. Result: Before intervention, majority (60%) of the students felt that who perform the research work should be the author of the article. But 40% students were divided and felt that who advised the design of the research (20%), who provided the grants (10%) and Chief/Head of the division (10%) should be the author of the article respectively. Maximum (70%) respondents did not know the order of authorship. Of 40% respondent felt that the PI should be always the first author and 40% don’t know the answer. Half of the students (50%) felt that keeping honorary author increased the opportunity of acceptance of publication. Of 36.7% and 13.3% of students felt that keeping honorary author increased the article’s value and made good relation to them to get some extra facility from them respectively. Of 20% participants were pressurized by lab head/head of department for inclusion of their name as an author. Half of the (56.7 %) respondents felt that the author’s contribution should be stated in the article. Only few 4 (13.3%) respondents said that their institute had guideline for authorship. However, after education 100% of students felt that who perform the research work should be only the author of the article. All (100%) respondents understood the order of authorship. Most of the students (86%) felt that PI should be always the first author. Of 100% respondent felt supervisor of the research should be the last author. All students (100%) felt author’s contribution should be mentioned in the article. All (100%) students did not want to include as author those who help in research design and secured grant; and they did not like to keep honorary author in their article. All (100%) students expressed that their institute had no guideline for authorship. After intervention, three groups of students were asked to write one page of article on Anesthesiology. Interestingly, they did not include any name in the author by line who were not participate or had any contribution in the writing. Conclusion: The comparative data between pre- and post-text have highlighted a general lack of understanding of the basic concept of authorship ethics which significantly improved after the intervention. The results also indicate that the education on authorship improved the awareness of postgraduate medical students in a particular centre.

Until, 1971, articles were not freely accessible to everyone online. Project Gutenberg made the dream a reality. Exorbitant increases in the cost of print journals have forced publishers to reduce their publications and turn them from the print to the electronic journal (e-journal) medium. Higher visibility of Open Access (OA) leads to a higher number of citations, better h-index of authors and the Impact Factor (IF) of journals, which gains the popularity of e-journals. However, authors face a problem in predatory journals, Article Processing Charges (APC), etc. It is not late to write this article for in-depth understanding of e-journals and the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic scholarships, especially for novice readers, authors, and researchers. This article also depicts what important things you need to keep in mind when publishing your article to go to a higher level in the era of electronic publication.

Primarily, this article emphasises that while conducting research, especially one involving human subjects, researchers are expected to comply with applicable global and national ethical standards. Should a researcher fail to do so, he/she stands the risk of breaching research ethics, and this is capable of rendering his/her research unacceptable. Accordingly, this article, making reference to relevant ethical theories, critically examines and analyses the actions of a researcher who set out to investigate treatment recommendations for diarrhoea. Ultimately, a number of ethical pitfalls in the stated research are x-rayed and some recommendations for subsequent studies are provided in this paper.

Primarily, this article emphasises that while conducting research, especially one involving human subjects, researchers are expected to comply with applicable global and national ethical standards. Should a researcher fail to do so, he/she stands the risk of breaching research ethics, and this is capable of rendering his/her research unacceptable. Accordingly, this article, making reference to relevant ethical theories, critically examines and analyses the actions of a researcher who set out to investigate treatment recommendations for diarrhoea. Ultimately, a number of ethical pitfalls in the stated research are x-rayed and some recommendations for subsequent studies are provided in this paper.

Over 1.3 billion people in the world are challenged to access good and cheap healthcare when become ill. Health insurance policies are a fantastic strategy to assist people who can't afford medical care. For middle- and low-income nations, there hasn't been much research on the ability to pay for health insurance for public employees like school teachers. Therefore, this cross-sectional questionnaire based research has been undertaken to explore the reflection of health insurance among 383 Bangladeshi school teachers of 5 divisional city center primary school and were being surveyed online between 1st August to 30th August 2022. According to survey, monthly average (mean) health expenditure of respondents were 7668.93 BDT (Bangladeshi Taka equivalent to $80.72) with 95% confidence interval. Of 35% responders suffered from high blood pressure, approximately 8% people were suffering from arthritis and asthma, 7.8% people have heart disease and 8.1 % people suffer from cholesterol problem. Maximum respondents (80%) agreed that health insurance is burden for them. About 51% teachers had no idea about health insurance. However, there was no significant relation in between educational status and health insurance perception for male and female teacher respondents. Moreover, the comparative data highlighted that more awareness and more exploration might be needed in health insurance perception for primary school teachers. This result can contribute to form people’s choice-oriented health insurance policy.

Lack of physical activity is one of the main cause of obesity. Currently, scientists proposed that teenagers and women are overweight or obese than men in Bangladesh. Furthermore, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more prevalent in Bangladesh. By 2050, the illness burden of non-communicable diseases will have a significant impact on the health budget. To reduce non-communicable diseases, physical activity is one of the options. However, the lack of public facilities for physical activities in each community is a concern. According to the Department of Military Estate Administration, Central Circle, DOHS (Defense Officers' Housing Scheme) has a total of 2966 plots and 396.6327 acres of area (640 acres =1 square mile) including 5 DOSH in Bangladesh. However, each DOHS has all the public facilities including structures streets, parks, walking paths, squares, gyms, cultural and sports grounds, walkways, waterfronts, lakes, mosques, cafeterias, public toilets, sitting areas for elderly or passersby, etc for physical activities specially for women, children, and the disabled people. Gulshan, Baridhara, Banani, and Dhanmondi areas are other good examples from Bangladesh where dwellers specially, women and children have facilities for physical activities. Sangmoo Kim, urban specialist said, “it is not over-ambitious thinking to have public facilities; it is a basic need for each city dweller for a healthy life”. This report aims to explore what are the policy drawbacks of the Government of Bangladesh not providing public facilities to perform physical activities in each area.

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) as a gene editing tool is a precise and promising technology. By CRISPR technology, human gene can be introduced into the animal gene pool to develop chimera for human like cells/tissue. However, the long term effects of gene editing in human is unknown. After revisiting the state-of-the-art publications in this discipline, it appears that the possibility of development to full-term chimeric/non-human animal by CRISPR technic for xenotransplantation is a future reality. Concern over the safety and ethical issues of gene modification remain for the xenotransplant recipient and the regulators. Countries like UK and the USA might find a leeway within which they would legally practice the research of development of the “non-human animal” to extract organs genetically compatible with the human body by hovering around the legal terminology. This article highlights the clinical, ethical, legal, and social issues of chimeric non-human animals for developing human-compatible organs. We have predicted how real and near the future is for gene modification and animal-human chimera formation for the purpose of xenotransplantation.

The outbreak of COVID-19 might not have a homogeneous dispersion of its own adverse consequences. Adolescents in the least developed country including Bangladesh who are already underprivileged or fragile predicted to suffer substantial damage and mental health disorders during COVID-19. Adolescents and their families might suffer significantly from a variety of mental health pressures like mood disorders, anxiety, stress, loneliness, depression, and suicidal tendency for children. A systemic literature review throughout PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline was done to evaluate the research, which covered the years between 2020 and 2022. This manuscript emphasizes how COVID-19 harms children’s mental health. Finally, suggestions for parental care, and mental health care for young children are given. Future studies will concentrate on how well age-appropriate, evidence-based mental health services work.

With the generous grants of Social Science Research Council (SSRC), Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Bangladesh a full time training workshop Long Course on Advanced Research Methodology and SPSS/STATA was started on 13 Oct-1 Dec, 2021 from 8 am - 4 pm for the Post graduate Medical Students of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS) at NINS auditorium. Programme was conducted by Bioethics Society (BBS). Mohammad Jainul Bari, Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh was present at the Inauguration programme as Chief Guest. Prof Dr Mohammad Mostofa Zaman, Advisor Research & Publication and Focal Point, Gender, Equity & Rights, World Health Organization; MD Mosharraf Hossain, Additional Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh; Kamruzzaman, Deputy Director, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh were also present as Special Guest. Mr Sakhawat Hossain, Research Officer, SSRC, Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh was also present in the program. Prof. (Dr.) Quazi Deen Mohammed, Professor of Neurology & Director, National Institute of Neurosciences chaired the Opening ceremony as a local coordinator. Prof Dr Md Badrul Alam Mondal, Joint Director & Professor of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences (NINS) CO-Chaired the session.

Applied Research Methodology SPSS/STATA BBS has completed “ Applied Research Methodology SPSS/STATA”, organized by Bangladesh Bioethics Society in cooperation with National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS) on 15 March 2021 at 11 am at NINS auditorium, Agargoan, Dhaka. Mohammad Jainul Bari, Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of People Republic of Bangladesh chaired as was the Chief Guest. Prof Dr Mohammad Mostofa Zaman, Advisor Research & Publication, World Health Organization Focal Point, Gender, Equity & Rights of WHO and Md Mosarraf Hossain, Additional Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, People’s Republic of Bangladesh were the special Guest respectively. Prof. (Dr.) Quazi Deen Mohammed, Professor of Neurology & Director, National Institute of Neurosciences Chaired the session. This programme was funded by Social Science Research Council, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

When police abuse their duties, it undermines the state's internal security. It creates a crisis of legitimacy of police because people detest them for their abuse and tyranny. In 1957, IACP (the International Association of Chiefs of Police) developed an ethics tool Code of Ethics for law enforcement. Nevertheless, training has been focused and emphasized on techniques and tactics of policing. Ethics is not the part of presell of the training. The Code of Ethics is pronounced once in a life only during pass-out day. Police face dilemmas in real-time situations with people and society. This is why, this article is concerned with ethics a tool, and procedures to reduce police abuse.

Lack of physical activity is one of the main cause of obesity. Currently, scientists proposed that teenagers and women are overweight or obese than men in Bangladesh. Furthermore, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more prevalent in Bangladesh. By 2050, the illness burden of non-communicable diseases will have a significant impact on the health budget. To reduce non-communicable diseases, physical activity is one of the options. However, the lack of public facilities for physical activities in each community is a concern. According to the Department of Military Estate Administration, Central Circle, DOHS (Defense Officers' Housing Scheme) has a total of 2966 plots and 396.6327 acres of area (640 acres =1 square mile) including 5 DOSH in Bangladesh. However, each DOHS has all the public facilities including structures streets, parks, walking paths, squares, gyms, cultural and sports grounds, walkways, waterfronts, lakes, mosques, cafeterias, public toilets, sitting areas for elderly or passersby, etc for physical activities specially for women, children, and the disabled people. Gulshan, Baridhara, Banani, and Dhanmondi areas are other good examples from Bangladesh where dwellers specially, women and children have facilities for physical activities. Sangmoo Kim, urban specialist said, “it is not over-ambitious thinking to have public facilities; it is a basic need for each city dweller for a healthy life”. This report aims to explore what are the policy drawbacks of the Government of Bangladesh not providing public facilities to perform physical activities in each area.

Introduction: Sexual harassment involves an assortment of coercive behaviors, including physical force, intimidation, and various forms of compulsion, including verbal harassment and forced penetration [1]. Sexual abuse can happen to both men and women. In the United Kingdom(UK), the problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) has epidemic proportions and is a global public health issue [2]. 53,874 incidents were reported under the 2012 Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act as of 2021 [3]. to their ignorance about puberty, sexuality, and fundamental human biological changes, adolescents have a very difficult time addressing their SRH demands. These underlying causes contribute to high rates of teen pregnancy, STIs, sexual assault, poor negotiating skills, forced marriage, and high fertility rates [4]. Methods: The study used a quantitative technique and a descriptive cross-sectional design. Students at Jahangir Nagar University and the American International University of Bangladesh were the intended target group. Jahangir Nagar University and American International University of Bangladesh served as the study locations. The six-month trial period ran from January 2022 through June 2022. For this investigation, primary sources of data were used. The study unit was the individual student. Non-probability (purposive) sampling techniques were used for the investigation. Results: The majority of survey participants (N=81) 62.2% were aged between 19 and 21 years old, and there was a statistically significant difference in age between students at public and private universities. None of our study participants suffered from any kind of sexual abuse, though they mentioned hearing about it. Regarding the view of sexual abuse, public universities 23% of those polled claimed sexual abuse as a justification for sharing inappropriate photos. At private universities, the response rate for crude jokes is 32.5%. Only the least number of public (2%) and private university (10%) students took part in sexual abuse-related awareness or training programs. Regarding the rights to receive training for prevention and safeguarding from sexual abuse, only 28% of the public and 40% of the private university students replied in affirmative. Conclusion: Sexual harassment is a sensitive issue, though due to various reasons, the rate of reporting and providing justice to the victims is delayed all over the world including Bangladesh. There social, religious, and policy lacking in this context.

Membership of a layperson is mandatory in the research ethics committee. According to World Health Organization (WHO), still there is a quorum of the ethics committee meeting (EC), however, the EC meeting should be adjourned if the absentee of a lay person. So layperson is a very important position in the EC. A layperson is a person whose primary area of interest is not scientific, however, they share their insight into the research to protect the research participants. Actually who and what lay members represent on ethics committees remains unclear, and the question of what laypersons mean what is their educational status, and what is their role in the research ethics committee is also not clear. In some Institution Review Boards (IRB)s, use the term public representatives instead of lay persons. Moreover, the education qualification of the layperson is as high as Ph.D. This paper argues why not the nomenclature should change to a public representative instead of a layperson in the IRBs. If the nomenclature is changed to establish their positive image in the IRB and also increases their self of security, respect, and self-esteem.

To assess the perception regarding the quality of life, a qualitative study was conducted on 20 old people of balance gender in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Most of the participants of our study were upper poor class and literate. Male participants were a little higher than females. The majority were between 60 and 65years. They were significantly more active, independent, and took part in productive work contributing in the country’s economy, and had significantly greater decision power than other age group. Quality of life of the elderly is related to physical and, economical wellbeing and coping mechanism during old age. The government of Bangladesh has taken varying degrees of initiative to improve the elder condition, but that was not publicized well. Old age Allowance should be increased to BDT 5000/ ($50). Family attachment and emotional support is also related to the self-assurance, self-respect, and self-drive of the elderly. Parent's Care Act 2013 should be implemented for retrospective care of seniors.

Older people are encouraged to participate more in the economic, social, and governmental sectors as part of progressive aging policies worldwide. Very little is known about applying engagement techniques or carrying out strategies in Bangladesh that are important for involving seniors in social engagement. Therefore, this qualitative research was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, among 385 people aged sixty or above to assess their understanding of the quality of life and the gap in government policy. Results showed that between 60 and 65 were more mobile, creative, engaged in productive activity, and had significantly higher decision-making power (p<0.000). Aging greatly enhances dependency (p<0.000). Lower-educated people were significantly dependent on their families (p<0.000).Moreover, elderly income and the cost of treatment were significantly correlated to abuse (p<0.001). Furthermore, 10% of participants reported negative relationships with family members (p<0.031). However, most (61.6%) were unaware of the 2013 Parent's Care Act. Though most participants (73.2%) knew of the government-funded Old Age Allowance, 92.5% received no non-governmental assistance. The research concluded that education and economic condition have a long-term relationship with reducing dependency. In recommendation, Government can increase the retirement age from 59 to 65 years which may increase self of security, respect, and self-esteem and reduce harassment. Parent's Care Act 2013 should implement. Government should include Community Health and Social Service centers for the quality of life of the elderly.

The elderly face very challenging situations due to their mental and physical conditions. Like the other country in the world, Bangladesh Government has enacted laws to protect the elderly rights. However, the law does not seem to represent what the elderly actually needs. Therefore, 385 elderly people, aged between 60 and 90 years were surveyed to understand their expectations from family, society, and government. There were 57.1% men and 42.9% women. Most of the elderly (80%) were educated. Just over half (53.5%) had ordinary mental and physical health, while a quarter (31.4%) had good status. More than half (53%) of the participants required 2000–5000 BDTK (Bangladeshi Taka) equivalent to $20-50 to cover monthly treatment expenditures. The majority (67.3%) felt government Old Age Allowance should be increased to BDT 5,000 ($50). Of 13.8% of individuals experienced harsh discourse from family because of the cost of therapy. However, 16.9% of people choose not to respond to this question. More than half (57.4%) of the respondents’ thought caregivers were insufficient. One-third felt that legislation should be changed to take care of parents (33.5%) and One-third felt that children should take care of more (33.5%). Some (3.6%) thought that children should act as they did in their childhood respectively. Almost half (44.2%) of respondents did not know that the elderly should receive a separate senior citizen card for preferential treatment, yet 51.9% thought this. Some (44.7%) felt the elderly should get priority in any queue and discounts in Bus/Uber/Rickshaw. Results also showed that expectation is more than the service provided. Further, a one-stop elderly care clinic is required to provide integrated care and support for the quality of life of the elderly.

The Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 of United States in act to prevent social exclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) and to cut back on unneeded expenditures to society. However, despite the protective legislation, the rights of adults with neurodevelopmental disorders have not yet been fully realised. There are several obstacles to overcome the neurological development related health care services, including health care usage, educational and career pathways, family and social lives, self-fulfilment, and quality of life. There are significant gaps in the transition process that affect the health care systems. Lack of transition and transfer planning, neurodevelopmental disorder health care pathway services have lack of experience, education, and expertise which result the inadequate growth of the health care quality and create communication gap in between service providers and service users. The aim of this short communication is to mention and clarify the ethical concerns of neurodevelopmental service evaluation.

A cross-sectional study was done on 50 ethics committee members from 15 different Ethics Committee (EC) over a period of 6 months from February 2018 to June 2018 to understand the structure and function of ECs in Bangladesh. Most of the ECs were male predominant (66.3%) and maximum ECs had technical members (93.33%). Only 8.3% ECs had lay person. Forty percent of the ECs did not update SOP routinely. Most of the ECs had no provision of training for its members (79.2%) and had no budget (71.8%). Maximum ECs service were voluntary (82.22%). Different ECs had different quorum to start the meeting. A little less than half of the respondents (45.76%) felt that their decision had not been noted down if disagreed against majority of vote in the ECs and did not placed in the meeting’s minutes. Maximum respondents (88.18%) did not know whether there was any law in Bangladesh to create a EC. A big percentage (89%) of ECs did not monitored by authorized body to guide and oversee the functioning of ECs. This article concluded that some ECs followed the international rules and regulation to formation and function the ECs but still a handsome number of ECs were lag behind in Bangladesh. The capacity of ECs can only be strengthened by training and various recognition/accreditation programs.

Myocardial disarray is the screening tool for HCM (hypertrophy cardiomyopathy). It is also found in hypertension, congenital heart disease, corpulmonale, etc. Many patients died from heart failure due to myocardial disarray. The risk of premature death may be determined by the degree of myocyte disarray. This article reviews the anatomical explanation of myocardial disarray. It also discusses the pathogenesis of the myocardial disorganization that causes heart failure. How to measure myocardial disarray has also been assessed. Therefore, early detection of myocardial disarray is advised to prevent heart failure.

The reality is that soul and death are the integral part of human life. The soul is the essence of life as fuel is the energy that runs the automobile or the light that makes the eye see. We all see the human body when the soul leaves and the human body is left senseless and ultimately dissolves into the earth. Why we do not have knowledge about soul where this element is the integral part of our human life. Most of us are not aware about this and do not like to research on it even do not discuss in life time. There is hardly any study on soul. Western bioethics totally omits discussion on the soul, though they discussed on “good death”. Only religion discussed soul elaborately specially Islam. No literature is available from Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study has been done to expand the body of knowledge on soul in the light of current theory with a view to aware people for further research for understanding and comparing with concept of philosophical, religious and medical variation.

Death is a biological phenomenon, define as the permanent and irreversible cessation of all biological functions of a being. Many people are afraid of discussing, thinking, or planning their own deaths because of we do not know about death and why death occur. If we know what is death we can think for planning our life, preparing a will, or deciding whether we will remain home or seek help before death. Moreover, after death, we transfer to another world passing out along with funeral according to religious. People seek help to religious cleric, as there is vast information regarding death in religion. As the death is the inevitable system and part and percale of life, therefore we must aware of what death is. We need do good deed in term of one day we will die and after death we will be nowhere but our benevolent works remain and may make us eternal or we will be rewarded heaven or hell or transmigrate to a new body according to our conduct.