V. Hans

Cahier-M is about the morphology of electric sound. This inherently single-layered type of sound is discussed in the light of 'neo-plastic' music as suggested by the painter Piet Mondriaan in the 1920's. He advocated a kind of music that consisted of single-layered, 'single-colour' electric sounds. Furthermore, Cahier-M devotes ample attention to the morphological relationship between the typically uniform nature of electric sound and the multi-layered sound structures used by post-WWII serial composers. The discussion of this subject also covers layering (photo) graphic images as practised by the French physiologist E.J. Marey at the end of the 19th century, flipping monadic sound aggregates as practised by Karel Goeyvaerts since 1952, the application of so-called 'horizontal arpeggios' by Pierre Boulez around 1980, and the introduction of 'liquid forms' in contemporary architecture. These aspects are illustrated based on a still valid morphological analysis of sound conducted by the author between 1963 and 1967.

Im zweiten Band der von Max Bense in den Kriegsjahren 1939 bis 1945 entworfenen Konturen einer Geistesgeschichte der Mathematik ist von der »ursprünglichen Einheit des ästhetischen und mathematischen Bewußtseins« sowie von der »ursprünglichen Einheit eines künstlerischen wie wissenschaftlichen Rationalismus« die Rede, »der voll und ganz die innere Geschichte Europas einheitlich« bestimme. Nur ausgehend von dieser gemeinsamen Wurzel des Mathematischen und des Ästhetischen, der Wissenschaft und der Kunst, sei die Geistesgeschichte Europas zu begreifen. Benses Projekt einer Geistesgeschichte der Mathematik ist daher keine Mathematikgeschichte im Sinne einer wissenschaftshistorischen Studie, sondern es geht darin, wie Bense selbst schreibt, um »eine Betrachtung der Rolle der Mathematik im Sein und Werden des menschlichen Lebens und Geistes, in der Kultur und der Gesellschaft«.

Much has been written about the socio-cultural functions of religion. It is equally important to discuss the role and impact of religion and ethics on development and promoting reform in civil society. In today's South Asian context it is necessary to analyse religion both as a tradition and a representation of modernity. Otherwise it is difficult to clearly understand not only the relationship of domination-subordination, together with processes of exclusions and violence prevalent in the sub-continent but also the emerging perspectives, lineages and languages of sociology in general and religion in particular. An attempt is made in this paper to examine the relationship and to evaluate the processes in the evolving discourse of sociology. It also analyses the 'moral' as embedded in religion and as an autonomous category emerging with secularisation. The subtleties of rights and righteousness in the method and metamorphosis of development are also dealt with in this paper.