Robert Theis

In the Introduction and in the first book of the Transcendental Dialectics in the Critique of Pure Reason Kant introduces and further elaborates his program of so called Metaphysics of Ideas. In this paper the aforementioned program will be presented twofold: 1. From the perspective of the historical evolution some paradigmatic focal points of the Kantian project of the “reform of the metaphysics” will be elucidated; 2. From the systematical perspective a question will be posed regarding the possible meaning of a metaphysics under the given premises of its reform – the “change of the style of thinking”

The author examines the sting inherent in the title of Kant’s work on the Unique possible foundation of a demonstration of the existence of God, published in 1762. In this work, Kant admits not wanting to establish a formal demonstration of the existence of God, but only the foundations of such a demonstration. In this way, he develops less than a proof, but at the same time more, i.e. the unique possible foundation of such a proof. The author critically analyses that in this formula, obviously to a different extent, both the leibnizian proof starting from the possibles and the wolffian, so-called a posteriori proof, at a critical moment of their respective articulations, resort to a second argumentation in order to prove the existence of the necessary being and that they are thus not auto-sufficient (unique).

L'auteur étudie le cas des analogies de l'expérience à la lumière de la thèse selon laquelle la Critique de la Raison Pure fonctionne selon une double modalité (du moins en ce qui concerne l'Esthétique et l'Analytique) : d'tune part comme élaboration des conditions générales d'une ontologie de l'étant (problème de la compétence du discours rationnel); d' autre part comme discours fondateur des mathématiques (Esthétique) et de la physique (Analytique). L'auteur présente l'exposé transcendantal des analogies, en donne une interprétation épistémologique et en formule la transcription scientifique. The author studies the case of the analogies of experience, basing himself upon the thesis according to which, the Critique of Pure Reason works refetring itself to a double modality (at least as far as transcendantal Aesthetic and Analytic are concerned) : on one hand, it works as an élaboration of the general conditions of an ontology of the being (under the form of a problem of the competence of the rational discourse), on the other hand as the fundamental and founding discourse of mathematics (Aesthetic) and physics (Analytic). The author presents the transcendantal argument of analogies, provides it with an epistemologica! interpretation and formulates its scientific transcription.