Jose Sanchez

Particularly in his work Representative Government, J. S. Mill tries to shape the government of social order according to the rules that served as a pattern for the constitution of the literary salons and clubs of the 17 th and 18th centuries. On these rules the Enlightened legal-rational model of society was built, whose demands as well as its differences from reality are enormous. However, this model, which remained in existence, although often broken, during the 19 th and 20 th centuries, does not seem able to survive, even as a regulative ideal. The characteristics that now define the society of the masses in which we live make the fundamentals of Mill’s theory totally inadequate for an understanding of that society.

A lo largo de la historia, la filosofía ha situado gran parte del foco de su quehacer en el constructo intelectual de sistemas de pensamiento que profundizaran en el análisis del mundo. Si embargo, existe una tendencia marginal, dentro de la tradición filosófica, que apuesta por acercarse a la filosofía como una disciplina práctica. En este artículo trataremos de focalizar la investigación en dos pensadores, separados por más de dos mil años, que apostaron por situar la praxis en el epicentro de la filosofía: Pirrón de Élide y Matthew Lipman. El primero dio lugar a un escepticismo donde la ejemplaridad del acto configuraba la doctrina. El segundo, Matthew Lipman, diseñó una metodología de filosofía para niños que ensalza la praxis comunitaria como eje desde el que fundamentar el aprendizaje de la filosofía. Cada uno, desde diferentes planos, el individual por parte de Pirrón y el colectivo en el caso de Lipman, han sido esenciales para poner el valor el sentido práctico de la filosofía. Palabras clave: Práctica; Praxis; Filosofía; Lipman; Pirrón.

In the Name of Science: the Centro de Estudios Históricos and the shaping of a liberal national conciousness in Spain (1910–1936). – The Centro de Estudios Históricos was founded in 1910 by the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios. The main goal was to create a modern scientific system, but the researchers of the Centro also attempted to reinterpret some aspects of the Spanish Culture. We also try to have a new insight into how Spanish History and Culture was apprehended by those intelectuals in order to create the cultural basis of a new Spanish nationalism. The philological school of Menéndez Pidal or the historical school of Sánchez‐Albornoz played an active role in trying to find out the cultural roots of the Spanish Culture. They strived for providing the Spanish nation a cultural background.

Dramaturgias de la imagen constata la pérdida de validez de un modelo de representación teatral que hizo crisis a finales del XIX y, lo que es aún más interesante, trata de sistematizar la aparición a lo largo del siglo XIX de múltiples propuestas, provinientes de la vanguardia teatral, pero sobre todo de otros campos, que confluyen en la elaboración de nuevos modelos escénicos. Joaquín Medina (Escritor y gestor cultural).Sánchez ha escrito un libro necesario: hace conocer, difunde expresiones artísticas importantes, pero al mismo tiempo establece redes, vasos comunicantes que permiten entender mejor el panorama teatral de este siglo. Por otra parte, dedicarse a estudiar esta zona del teatro, con la pasión que él lo hace, implica una toma de posición frente a la experiencia teatral más recocnocida, que Sánchez sostiene con firmeza. Julia Elena Sagaseta Teatro del Sur. Buenos Aires (Argentina).

The chapter analyzes the political engagement of the youth in Egypt and Tunisia, two countries where the Arab uprising apparently succeeded. Based on an inclusive definition of political participation, where informal participation practices used by young people in the Global South are applied, three main questions will be considered in the chapter: which are the general patterns of political participation among young people?; what are young people doing to participate politically?; and to what extent is youth creating a new political arena? The chapter first reviews the three main components of the political engagement, considering individual characteristics: place of residence, gender and education. Second, it analyses two case studies: youth political participation in civic organizations in Egypt and the significance of rap for political dissidence and resistance in Tunisia. Qualitative and quantitative analyses was conducted with SAHWA project’s data during three years in the framework of a project funded by the European Commission mixing qualitative and quantitative analysis. The main finding is the low levels of participation of young people in conventional participation, accompanied by new forms of political participation, which consolidate a common political arena outside of the traditional one.

La filosofía primera como metafísica se ocupa, tradicionalmente, de lo que está allende lo físico. Esto es lo que significa la partícula metá de la palabra metafísica. Pero metá tiene de hecho otro sentido: el sentido de lo diáfano, de aquello que no se ve pero hace que se vea todo lo demás. La expresión “todo lo demás” queda nombrada por la palabra físico, que quiere contraponerse a lo meramente intencional, y que es la realidad. Así que la metafísica se ocupa de la realidad en aquello que tiene de diáfano.

Reconocida la función creadora del juez y especialmente la del juez constitucional, que puede poner en cuestión mediante sus decisiones la capacidad normativa del propio poder legislativo, hasta el extremo de llegar a anular la ley adoptada por éste, se plantean dos cuestiones. La primera consiste en establecer los antecedentes de por qué el poder judicial es poder. En la segunda se aborda de manera específica el poder de la justicia constitucional con la finalidad de adentrarse en el problema central de todo poder, el de su legitimidad, enfrentada, en este último caso de manera evidente, a la legitimidad democrática del legislador.

This article is based on an investigation conducted by teachers at the University Pablo de Olavide de Seville, and assigned to the Research Group for Social Work and Social Policy over two years, in collaboration with the Foundation Mercasevilla on the City of Seville, and whose purpose was the analysis of elderly sociability in the urban environment and its relationship with the dependence level. The study demonstrates the differences uses of the spaces in relationship with the population’s age, these spaces have deficits, and their relationship with the elderly dependent status. The researchers, according to the results, findings and raise guidance, which may be of interest to technicians, researchers, territory’s planners and those who can decide on policies that alter the urban space. The research team established a direct relationship between the older group social integration, with the level of participation in own societies, and therefore, the use and access to different sociability areas, where in fact they execute this participation.

This text focuses on the grounding of the legal and political structure of the modern state and starts from the Hobbesian conception of power as absolute and unlimited power. For their part, Spinoza and Bentham argue, against Hobbes, for the need to set certain limits to power, although they each based it on radically different grounds. Spinoza’s political ontology makes it easy to carry out to the end what was permitted by a factual conception of power, which opens up the possibility of thinking about power in a different way, namely, normatively. The difference between the utilitarian approach and that of Spinoza is his special conception of natural law, which leads him to maintain that it can only be defended where men have rights in common, that is, where there is civil order, making the preservation of our being the justification and limit of the institutionalization of the civil order. Bentham, however, remains true to his empiricist conception and a prisoner of its shortcomings, so that he cannot conceive of the limit of power except as self-limitation. The reason is that he does not have a sufficiently consistent concept of natural rights. Bentham’s conception of them as “nonsense upon stilts” makes it impossible.