Aamir Riyaz

In this research paper, I aim to explore and discover the relation of Sufism with the integration of humans in the light of Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s view. I will also discuss the fundamental principle of Sufism, the historical development of Sufism, Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s view on Sufism, the spiritual trends in Sufism, Classical as well as the Modern approach to Sufism, and finally Sufi thoughts and Practices. Sufism, which, in my opinion, is a psycho-physical analysis, is a philosophy of love and God-intoxication. Initially, it was ascetic and devotional but later became speculative and doctrinal. It is a path of spiritualism and achievement of purity and gnosis of God. It is a philosophy that is as old as Islam and an essential part of it. The Sufi practice comprises the dogma of love towards God through the love of human beings, purification of the soul, the process of detachment, simplicity, and service to humankind. Most Sufis put an undivided importance on the moral value system and the sacred relation of Murshid (Guide) and Murid (Disciple). If we analyze these principles of Sufism, then it becomes clear that Sufism is a philosophy that promotes communal harmony, peace, tolerance, and co-existence in society. Seyyed Hossein Nasr explains Sufism as the marrow of the bones or the internal aspects of the Islamic revelation is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. The integration of human beings implies the awareness of the One and the transformation of the countless in the light of the One. It is, therefore, the full realization of that faith or Iman, which is the fundamental basis of Islam. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#73-74; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2023 P 113-129.

Most of the religions of the world are based on some fundamental moral principles of good conduct/virtues and prohibits its followers to do anything which is not good for the welfare of the society as a whole. This fundamental moral principal of good conduct, in Buddhism, is known as Pancha Shila. Pancha Shila is the basic assumption of moral activities for both households as well as for renunciates. It forms the actual practice of morality. Each time the precepts are upheld, the moral volitions are strengthened, until morality becomes a habitualtrait through the condition of repetition. For the smooth functioning of a society, every Buddhist has to follow the five moral precepts i.e. abstaining from killing, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from sexual misconduct, abstaining from falsehood, abstaining from taking intoxicants. Jainism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam too accept such ethical codes with little modification. These are called cardinal virtues. Jaina concept of Pancha Mahavrata is very close to Buddhist concept of Pancha Shila. In Jainism these are; Ahimsa, Satyam, Asteyam, Brahmacharyam, Aparigraha. Mahatma Gandhi too accepted these five cardinal virtues given by Jainism but he added two more in it which are; Fearlessness and Faith in God. The five precepts of Buddhism offers the moral conducts following which everyone can avoid evil deeds and can contribute in making this world a better world for present and future generations. The precept of abstaining from killing leads to the respect for other’s life. The precept of abstaining from stealing leads to the respect for other’s property. The precept of abstaining from sexual misconduct leads to the respect for one’s own dignity and dignity of other’s especially women. The precept of abstaining from falsehood leads to the respect for honesty. The precept of abstaining from taking alcohol leads to innumerable number of good qualities like respect for a clear mind, respect for modesty of other human beings, respect for money, respect for one’s own dignity, respect for other’s life and so on. The five precepts of Buddhism make a person disciplined, which is one of the most important ingredients for the development of overall personality of a person. A developing country cannot become a developed one unless its citizens are disciplined. If we analyze the five precepts given by Buddhism then, we find that the solution for most of world problems lies in it. If everyone follows five precepts then, I think this world will be transformed into a better place, a place where people have respects for other’s life and property, where everybody’s interest will be taken care of, where people will have an altruistic approach towards society. In short, this world can be transformed into a heaven.