•  8
    Rethinking the Taqlīd_ Hegemony: An Institutional, _Longue-Durée Approach
    Journal of the American Oriental Society 136 (4): 801. 2021.
    Islamic legal historiography has dealt extensively with questions of continuity and change, as epitomized by the relationship between ijtihād and taqlīd. This paper offers a new conceptualization of the ijtihād–taqlīd modes of law-making in the Sunni legal tradition. I argue that the institutional transformation from ijtihād to taqlīd required that jurists transform the views of the founding authorities of the schools over the course of the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. They achie…Read more
  •  11
    Islamic Law in Theory: Studies on Jurisprudence in Honor of Bernard Weiss. Edited by A. Kevin Reinhart and Robert Gleave. Studies on Islamic Law and Society, vol. 37. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. xx + 370. $181, €140.
  •  36
    Rethinking the Taqlīd–Ijtihād Dichotomy: A Conceptual-Historical Approach
    Journal of the American Oriental Society 136 (2): 285. 2021.
    The primary and secondary sources of Islamic law often assume a binary distinction between ijtihād and taqlīd, ignoring a third level of engagement with the sources, which was conceptualized by some jurists as forming a distinct category. In this article I discuss the evolution of the terms ijtihād, taqlīd, and ittibāʿ, using a conceptual-historical approach. I argue that the use of taqlīd to mean “precedent-following” did not emerge as a technical term until after the time of al-Shāfiʿī…Read more
  •  259
    Mental Disorders Among Elderly People in Baghdad, Iraq, 2017
    with Faris Ai-Lami, Riyadh Al-Rudainy, and Yousef S. Khader
    Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 004695801984596. 2019.