Alejandro León Cannock

It has been reported in non-contingent schedules that the variety of patterns of behavior is affected by the temporal variation of water deliveries. While temporal variation is accomplished by delivering water at fixed or variable times, spatial variation is usually accomplished by varying the number of dispensers and distance among them. Such criteria do not consider the possible ecological relevance of the location of water dispensers. Nevertheless, it is plausible to suppose that the intersection of the programed contingencies, the ecological differentiated space, and the relative location of relevant objects and events could set up an integrated system with the behavioral patterns of the organism. In the present study, we evaluated the eco-functional relevance of two locations of the dispensers upon behavioral dynamics in Wistar rats using fixed and variable time schedules in a modified open-field system. In Experiment 1, three subjects were exposed to a fixed time 30-s water delivery schedule. In the first condition, the water dispenser was located at the center of the experimental chamber. In the second condition, the water dispenser was located at the center of a wall of the experimental chamber. Each location was present for 20 sessions. In Experiment 2, conditions were the same, but a variable time schedule was used. Routes, distance to the dispenser, recurrence patterns, time spent in zones, entropy, and divergence were analyzed. Our findings suggest a robust differential relevance of the location of the dispensers that should be considered in studies evaluating behavioral dynamics. Results are discussed from an integrative, ecological-parametric framework.

Deleuze’s work is certainly heterogeneous. Throughout his life he managed to deal with an amazing variety of subjects: history of philosophy, psychoanalysis, politics, literature, painting, cinema, among others. However, the author of A Thousand Plateaus did not address a particularly relevant area for the twentieth century configuration –photography. This absence is unsettling not only because of the cultural importance of photography, but also because his reflections concerning the concept of image are a recurrent theme throughout his work. This research will not seek to determine the reasons why Deleuze did not explore the field of photography, because we believe that a question like this is, to say the least, idle. On the contrary, we will try to prolong his reflections in order to unfold the intuitions found in his philosophy that may help us to address the issue of the photographic. In this sense, our objective will be to develop a taxonomy of the photographic image from the distinction of two main types: the transparent image and the opaque image.

El artículo aborda el estatuto del pensar según el filósofo francés Gilles Deleuze, buscando hallar una respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué significa pensar? La tesis central del artículo es que, según Deleuze, el ser humano no piensa cuando reconoce el mundo a través de sus representaciones. Por el contrario, el hombre alcanza a pensar solo cuando se enfrenta a una experiencia radical que no puede representar. Solo ahí, ante la absoluta necesidad, se activa el pensador que habita en nosotros. Lo que nos conduciría a pensar no sería entonces una identidad representada, sino una diferencia experimentada