Álex Franco

This phenomenological study explores teachers’ beliefs about implementing Restorative School Justice (RSJ) in a public school in Bogotá. Through in-depth interviews and analysis of coexistence committee minutes, tensions between restorative ideals and the punitive mentality prevalent in the educational context were identified. The findings show that although teachers recognize the transformative value of RSJ, there is still considerable skepticism about its effectiveness in serious situations, which limits its full adoption. This research highlights the need for a profound cultural shift that transcends the disciplinary vision of justice and promotes a holistic understanding of justice as part of a process of reconciliation and restoration. It is concluded that the widespread adoption of RSJ depends on the recognition and transformation of teachers’ beliefs, highlighting the importance of ongoing training in restorative approaches within the education system.

In this paper we continue the study of the theories IΔ n+1 (T), initiated in [7]. We focus on the quantifier complexity of these fragments and theirs (non)finite axiomatization. A characterization is obtained for the class of theories such that IΔ n+1 (T) is Π n+2 –axiomatizable. In particular, IΔ n+1 (IΔ n+1 ) gives an axiomatization of Th Π n+2 (IΔ n+1 ) and is not finitely axiomatizable. This fact relates the fragment IΔ n+1 (IΔ n+1 ) to induction rule for Δ n+1 –formulas. Our arguments, involving a construction due to R. Kaye (see [9]), provide proofs of Parsons’ conservativeness theorem (see [16]) and (a weak version) of a result of L.D. Beklemishev on unnested applications of induction rules for Π n+2 and Δ n+1 formulas (see [2])

We characterize the sets of all Π2 and all equation image theorems of IΠ−1 in terms of restricted exponentiation, and use these characterizations to prove that both sets are not deductively equivalent. We also discuss how these results generalize to n > 0. As an application, we prove that a conservation theorem of Beklemishev stating that IΠ−n + 1 is conservative over IΣ−n with respect to equation image sentences cannot be extended to Πn + 2 sentences. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.