Alexandre Goncalves

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into children's toys has transformed interactive play, increasingly used for learning, leisure, and socialization. This article examines the evolution of AI in toys, exploring both its potential benefits and emerging concerns. A systematic review of 13 academic prototypes evaluates their features, purposes (e.g., learning, therapy, leisure), and usability tests, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. Additionally, the article conducts an industrial mapping of 91 AI toys released from November 2015 to January 2024, offering insights into the current market landscape. Based on Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, the study suggests that AI toys can enhance cognitive and social-emotional development, particularly in STEM skills and early digital literacy. However, it identifies a critical gap between the rapid growth of AI toys and the limited academic research on their educational value. This disconnect impedes independent assessment of industry claims, especially regarding emotional AI. This article concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of regulatory frameworks to ensure the ethical design, marketing, and use of AI toys.

A nutrição desempenha um papel fundamental na saúde e no desempenho das aves de postura. Uma dieta equilibrada, rica em nutrientes essenciais, é crucial para o desenvolvimento adequado, manutenção do sistema imunológico e produção de ovos de qualidade. Deficiências nutricionais podem enfraquecer o sistema imunológico das aves, tornando-as mais suscetíveis a doenças e infecções. Além disso, o desequilíbrio na alimentação pode afetar a produção de ovos, levando à redução da taxa de postura, qualidade da casca e crescimento ósseo inadequado. Por outro lado, o excesso de certos nutrientes, como minerais e vitaminas, também pode causar problemas de saúde, como intoxicações e disfunções metabólicas. Portanto, o manejo nutricional adequado é essencial para prevenir doenças, otimizar o desempenho produtivo e promover o bem-estar das aves de postura. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o manejo de galinhas poedeiras, com foco no manejo alimentar e sua relação com o controle sanitário das aves, especialmente no que diz respeito à prevenção de doenças. Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the health and performance of laying hens. A balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients, is crucial for proper development, maintenance of the immune system and production of quality eggs. Nutritional deficiencies can weaken the immune system of birds, making them more susceptible to diseases and infections. In addition, an imbalance in diet can affect egg production, leading to reduced laying rate, shell quality and inadequate bone growth. On the other hand, excess of certain nutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, can also cause health problems, such as poisoning and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, adequate nutritional management is essential to prevent diseases, optimize productive performance and promote the welfare of laying hens. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the management of laying hens, focusing on food management and its relationship with bird health control, especially with regard to disease prevention.