Ali Raza

Human behavior, both at the individual and societal levels, is based on the theory of beauty. Behind every voluntary human action lies a conception of beauty in its broadest sense and a passion for attaining it. This article explores beauty in relation to humans in light of the anthropological foundations proposed by Mulla Sadra. The methodology adopted in this study is descriptive-analytical. The essence of a human being consists of the body and the immaterial soul. By "human beauty", we mean everything that is harmonious and compatible with the self. Every human being loves their self primarily and inherently, and loves the perfections of their self secondarily and consequently. The human soul is immaterial in both its imaginal and intellectual capacities. Considering this and the fact that the beauty of everything is determined by its existential rank, the human being is a reflection of the beauty of all worlds. Based on the immateriality of the soul, the soul has the power to create beautiful mental images. Mental images are inherently perceived, while external objects are perceived consequentially. Given that the true agent is the soul, fine arts first manifest in the mind and then are realized in external objects. True human happiness is only achieved by attaining absolute beauty, which is the elevation of all the soul’s faculties to their highest levels, leading to the ultimate pleasure corresponding to them. Furthermore, the attainment of absolute beauty by humans depends on the immortality of the soul and its survival after the decay of the body. The realization of absolute beauty for prepared souls is proven through the argument of mercy and the argument of nature, and its context is the afterlife. The pleasures of the afterlife qualitatively differ from worldly pleasures to the extent that a human cannot accurately conceive of the pleasures of the afterlife unless their intellect is freed from the limitations imposed by the natural world.

Whooping cough is a highly transmitted disease around the world. According to the World Health Organization, 0.15 million cases had reported globally in 2018. Most of the Asian and African states are infected regions. Through the study, we investigated the whole population into the four classes susceptible, exposed, infected, and vaccinated or recovered. The transmission dynamics of whooping cough disease are studied analytically and numerically. Analytical analyses are positivity, boundedness, reproduction number, equilibria, and local and global stabilities. In numerical analysis, we developed an implicit numerical integration scheme consistent with the biological problem’s properties. The analysis of the implicit method for the said model is dynamically consistent, positive, and bounded. Furthermore, an implicit numerical integration scheme is suitable for studying a particular epidemic model such as the whooping cough disease.

Promoting innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing has become essential as it endows companies with competitive advantages to thrive in today's complex business environment. This study investigates the role of workplace spirituality in inducing innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing based on the social exchange theory and the spillover theory. It also looks at the previously unexplored mediating function of employee engagement in the relationship between workplace spirituality and the outcomes above. Additionally, it examines the interactive effect of workplace spirituality and individual spirituality on employee engagement. Two waves of survey data were collected from 538 employees and their managers working in the IT sector in Pakistan. This study contributes to the expanding corpus of research on workplace spirituality, confirming that the latter positively influence innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing. The mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing is also significant. Further, the results confirm that the influence of workplace spirituality on employee engagement is contingent on the degree of individual spirituality. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.