Amir Abbass Varshovi

Abstract: We investigate the Brownian motion of multiple quantum states confined within a compact one-dimensional space through the lens of the Wiener fractal measure. Remarkably, the resulting path-integral measure aligns exactly with the Polyakov pathintegral formulation of bosonic string theory. This correspondence reveals that the Polyakov action does not possess a unique ontological status as a descriptor of fundamental forces; rather, it emerges naturally as a canonical mathematical expression of the Wiener stochastic process governing quantum states on one-dimensional structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the time-coordinate field X0 effectively encodes the non-local contributions of the spatial coordinate fields Xi (1 ≤ i ≤ D − 1), challenging conventional interpretations of spacetime fields within string theory and highlighting subtle conceptual flaws in their standard physical interpretation. In this context, we offer a reinterpretation that defends string theory against criticisms rooted in experimental shortcomings in particle physics, while revealing deeper connections between its mathematically sophisticated framework and the stochastic dynamics of quantum states in Hilbert space.1 Keywords: Weierstrass-like Functions, Fractal Geometry, Fractal Norm, Wiener Stochastic Process, Brownian Motion, Wiener Fractal Measure, String Theory, Bosonic Strings, Non- Locality Field.

Abstract: The Brownian motion of a number of quantum states in a compact onedimensional space is studied via the Wiener fractal measure, and it is shown that the derived path-integral measure coincides precisely with the Polyakov path-integral formula for bosonic string theory. Thus, it is concluded that the Polyakov action of bosonic string theory does not have a unique, distinguishable foundation specifically dedicated to describing the fundamental forces of nature, but rather, it is merely a standard formulation of the Wiener stochastic process for Brownian motion of the quantum states on one-dimensional objects. It is also demonstrated that the time-dimension field X0 is, in practice, the localization of the non-local effects of the coordinate fields Xis, 1 ≤ i ≤ D −1. This indicates that the interpretation intended for spacetime fields in the formulation of string theory allegedly faces fundamental flaws in its underlying theoretical aspects. In this regard, we will defend string theory against its experimental flaws in particle physics due to unreliable interpretation of the theory and relate its elaborated mathematical framework to another significant topic: Quantum Brain. It is then argued that the formulation of bosonic string theory can be applied to the quantum behavior of any microscopic filament, such as those found in cellular substructures and neuronal subunits. We conclude that if a neuronal subunit can be found encompassing D − 1 = 25 real quantum states, it can be considered a sustainable quantum system with a consistent bosonic string theory in D = 26 dimensions. Fortunately, such a neuronal subunit had already been recognized in distinct studies by Penrose and Hameroff as the origin of brain quantum activities: Microtubule. Microtubules are composed of 13 protofilaments, collectively generating 25 independent real quantum states, producing a well-defined string-theoretic quantum system in neurons. The results of our study are compared with the achievements of the Orch-OR theory, and remarkable consistencies between the two approaches are presented. Finally, the non-locality field X0 is recognized for both the time dimension in the background mathematics of string theory on the one hand and the source of consciousness in quantum neurobiology on the other hand. This conformity is in complete agreement with Hameroff’s recent hypothesis on time-consciousness identification.

В данной статье вводится концепция «Исторического дарвинизма» — также называемая «Цивилизационной эволюцией» или «Цивилизационным ренессансом» — как универсальная рамка для понимания эволюции цивилизаций, основанная на закономерностях, аналогичных биологическому естественному отбору. В статье утверждается, что на протяжении мировой истории длительно существовавшие цивилизации возникали, адаптировались и приходили в упадок посредством процессов, напоминающих культурное выживание и регенерацию. Например, хетты возникли из хаттов, греки — из микенцев, а вавилоняне — из шумерской и аккадской цивилизаций, формируя свою идентичность в преемственности с предшественниками. С этой точки зрения, мифы — это не просто продукты воображения; они являются хранилищами коллективной памяти, кодирующими исторический опыт древних обществ, предшествовавших «Цивилизационной эволюции», в литературных формах обществ, существовавших после «Цивилизационной эволюции». Хотя «Исторический дарвинизм» представляет собой общий принцип, применимый ко всем длительно существующим цивилизациям, в данной статье он специально применяется к иранской мифологии. Анализируя повествования Шахнаме и других иранских источников, показано, что мифы Шахнаме и Авесты отражают цивилизационные трансформации, миграции и культурные ренессансы на обширной территории Арьяны в бронзовом и железном веках. Очевидные противоречия в иранских источниках — такие как различные версии происхождения и дуализм зороастрийских традиций — интерпретируются в рамках данной концепции не как свидетельства исторической выдумки, а как признаки последовательных исторических реконструкций в ходе «Цивилизационного ренессанса». Таким образом, «Исторический дарвинизм» выступает как новый подход в философии мифологии, направленный на выявление исторического ядра древних мифов и их связь с процессами цивилизационного развития и обновления.

Abstract: Dieser Artikel führt den Begriff des „Historischen Darwinismus“ – auch bezeichnet als „zivilisationelle Evolution“ oder „zivilisationelle Renaissance“ – als universellen Rahmen zur Erklärung der Entwicklung von Zivilisationen ein, ein Rahmen, der auf Mustern basiert, die der biologischen natürlichen Selektion analog sind. Es wird argumentiert, dass im Verlauf der Weltgeschichte langlebige Zivilisationen entstanden, sich angepasst und wieder verfallen sind durch Prozesse, die kulturellem Überleben und Regeneration ähneln. So entstanden beispielsweise die Hethiter aus den Hattiern, die Griechen aus den Mykenern und die Babylonier aus den sumerischen und akkadischen Zivilisationen, wobei sie ihre Identitäten in Kontinuität mit ihren Vorgängern definierten. Aus dieser Perspektive sind Mythen nicht bloß Produkte der Vorstellungskraft; vielmehr sind sie Speicher kollektiver Erinnerung, die die historischen Erfahrungen antiker Gesellschaften codieren, die der zivilisationellen Evolution vorausgingen, und diese in literarischer Form in Gesellschaften nach der zivilisationellen Evolution weitergeben. Obwohl der Historische Darwinismus ein allgemeines Prinzip darstellt, das auf alle langlebigen Zivilisationen anwendbar ist, wendet dieser Artikel es spezifisch auf die iranische Mythologie an. Durch die Analyse der Erzählungen des Schāhnāme und anderer iranischer Quellen wird gezeigt, dass die Mythen des Schāhnāme und des Avesta zivilisatorische Transformationen, Migrationen und kulturelle Wiederaufleben auf dem weiten Land von Aryana während der Bronze- und Eisenzeit widerspiegeln. Offensichtliche Widersprüche in den iranischen Quellen – wie divergierende Herkunftserzählungen und die Dualität der zoroastrischen Traditionen – werden innerhalb dieses Rahmens nicht als Beweis historischer Fiktion, sondern als Zeichen aufeinanderfolgender historischer Rekonstruktionen im Verlauf der zivilisationellen Renaissance interpretiert. Dementsprechend erweist sich der Historische Darwinismus als ein neuartiger Ansatz in der Philosophie der Mythologie, der darauf abzielt, die historischen Kerne antiker Mythen aufzudecken und sie mit den Prozessen der zivilisatorischen Entwicklung und Erneuerung zu verbinden.

Résumé : Cet article présente le « Darwinisme historique » – également appelé « Évolution civilisatrice » ou « Renaissance civilisatrice » – comme un cadre universel pour comprendre l’évolution des civilisations, un cadre construit sur des schémas analogues à la sélection naturelle biologique. Il est avancé que, tout au long de l’histoire mondiale, des civilisations durables ont émergé, se sont adaptées et ont décliné à travers des processus ressemblant à la survie et à la régénération culturelles. Par exemple, les Hittites sont issus des Hattiens, les Grecs des Mycéniens, et les Babyloniens des civilisations sumérienne et akkadienne, définissant leur identité en continuité avec leurs prédécesseurs. Dans cette perspective, les mythes ne sont pas de simples produits de l’imagination ; au contraire, ils constituent des réservoirs de mémoire collective qui codifient les expériences historiques des sociétés anciennes précédant la « Évolution civilisatrice », sous des formes littéraires des sociétés postérieures à la « Évolution civilisatrice ». Bien que le « Darwinisme historique » représente un principe général applicable à toutes les civilisations de longue durée, cet article l’applique spécifiquement à la mythologie iranienne. En examinant les récits du Shâhnâmeh et d’autres sources iraniennes, il est démontré que les mythes du Shâhnâmeh et de l’Avesta reflètent les transformations civilisationnelles, les migrations et les renaissances culturelles à travers la vaste terre de l’Aryana durant les âges du Bronze et du Fer. Les contradictions apparentes dans les sources iraniennes – telles que les récits divergents des origines et la dualité des traditions zoroastriennes – sont interprétées dans ce cadre non comme des preuves de fabrication historique, mais comme des signes de reconstructions historiques successives au cours de la « Renaissance civilisatrice ». En conséquence, le « Darwinisme historique » émerge comme une approche novatrice en philosophie de la mythologie, visant à découvrir les noyaux historiques des mythes anciens et à les relier aux processus de développement et de renouvellement civilisationnels.

Abstract: This article introduces “Historical Darwinism” – also referred to as “Civilizational Evolution” or “Civilizational Renaissance” – as a universal framework for understanding the evolution of civilizations, a framework built on patterns analogous to biological natural selection. It is argued that, throughout world history, long-lasting civilizations have emerged, adapted, and declined through processes resembling cultural survival and regeneration. For instance, the Hittites arose from the Hattians, the Greeks from the Mycenaeans, and the Babylonians from Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations, defining their identities in continuity with their predecessors. From this perspective, myths are not merely products of imagination; rather, they are repositories of collective memory that encode the historical experiences of ancient societies preceding “Civilizational Evolution” in the literary forms of societies after “Civilizational Evolution.” Although “Historical Darwinism” represents a general principle applicable to all long-lived civilizations, this article specifically applies it to Iranian mythology. By examining the narratives of the Shahnameh and other Iranian sources, it is shown that the myths of the Shahnameh and the Avesta reflect civilizational transformations, migrations, and cultural renaissances across the vast land of Aryana during the Bronze and Iron Ages. Apparent contradictions in Iranian sources—such as divergent accounts of origins and the duality of Zoroastrian traditions—are interpreted within this framework not as evidence of historical fabrication but as signs of successive historical reconstructions during the course of “Civilizational Renaissance.” Accordingly, “Historical Darwinism” emerges as a novel approach in the philosophy of mythology, aiming to uncover the historical cores of ancient myths and connect them to the processes of civilizational development and renewal.

چکیده: این مقاله "داروینیسم تاریخی" یا "نوزایی تمدنی" را به‌عنوان یک چارچوب جهان‌شمول برای فهم تکامل تمدن‌ها معرفی می‌کند؛ چارچوبی که بر الگوهایی مشابه انتخاب طبیعی زیستی بنا شده است. استدلال می‌شود که در سراسر تاریخ جهان، تمدن‌های دراز مدت در فرآیندهایی شبیه بقا و نوزایی فرهنگی پدید آمده، سازگار شده و افول کرده‌اند: برای نمونه، هیتی‌ها از حاتی‌ها، یونانی‌ها از میسینی‌ها، و بابلی‌ها از تمدن سومر و اکد برخاسته و هویت خود را در امتداد ایشان تعریف نموده‌اند. در این چشم‌انداز، اسطوره‌ها صرفاً ساخته‌های خیال‌پردازانه نیستند، بلکه گنجینه‌هایی از حافظه جمعی‌اند که تجربه‌های تاریخی جوامع کهن پیش از "نوزایی تمدنی" را در قالب‌های ادبی جوامع پس از "نوزایی تمدنی" رمزگذاری کرده‌اند. هرچند "داروینیسم تاریخی" یک قانون کلی برای همه تمدن‌های درازمدت است، اما این مقاله آن را به ‌طور خاص در اسطوره‌شناسی ایرانی به کار می‌گیرد. با بررسی روایت‌های شاهنامه و دیگر منابع ایرانی، نشان داده می‌شود که اسطوره‌های شاهنامه و اوستا بازتاب‌دهنده دگرگونی‌های تمدنی، مهاجرت‌ها و نوزایی‌های فرهنگی در سرزمین وسیع آریانا در عصر برنز و آهن هستند. تناقض‌های ظاهری در منابع ایرانی ــ همچون روایت‌های متفاوت از خاستگاه‌ها و دوگانگی سنت‌های زرتشتی ــ در این چارچوب نه نشانی از جعل تاریخ، بلکه شواهدی از بازسازی‌های متوالی تاریخی در جریان "نوزایی تمدنی" تفسیر می‌شوند. بر این اساس، "داروینیسم تاریخی" به ‌مثابه رهیافتی نو در فلسفه اسطوره‌شناسی، کوششی است برای کشف هسته‌های تاریخی اساطیر کهن و پیوند دادن آنها با روند شکل‌گیری فرگشت و نوزایی‌های تمدنی.

This preprint was accepted for publication in Pramana – Journal of Physics. The final published version is available via the journal. Abstract: In this paper, the ontological aspects of the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics are studied by employing measure theoretical methods of the ergodic theory. Before everything it is shown that the frequency interpretation of the Born rule is independent of the measurement postulate and hence, must be extended to the statistical ontology of the MWI. Then, based on Birkhoff’s ergodic theorem we will prove that except for a Lebesgue null set of extremely rare parallel worlds, the Born rule will be refuted in all of the parallel worlds created in a long-term process of consecutive experiments in the MWI of quantum mechanics. This reduces the unlimited ontology of the MWI to an extremely confined but still uncountable set of possible parallel worlds in long-term processes and lets us acknowledge a pseudo-deterministic mechanism of quantum mechanics in the statistical picture of the theory. Hence, we conclude that the common understanding of the unconstrained MWI ontology, even if considered valid, cannot survive in long-term consecutive observations and must soon collapse into a more constrained interpretation of quantum mechanics. Keywords: Many-Worlds Interpretation, Born Rule, Measure Theory, Lebesgue Measure, Birkhoff’s Ergodic Theorem, Born-Vaidman Rule, Statistical Interpretation.

The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics is studied with a logical argumentation based on the existence of semi-deterministic parallel worlds in the interpretation. An endless ensemble of infinite copies of a specific quantum state is considered for implementing a certain measurement. It is shown that the set of parallel worlds created by the consecutive observations is theoretically identical to the unit segment [0, 1], wherein the rational numbers represent the parallel worlds in which Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is thoroughly refuted. Despite being of a Lebesgue measure null set such a bizarre collection of parallel worlds practically exists in the ontology of the MWI and has infinite elements. We will establish that this existence creates an inherent paradoxical picture in the MWI. By studying the analytical details of the mentioned collection and evaluating the approvement or refutation of the existence of the present world where we live from the scientific insight of the sentient beings of the other parallel worlds it is established that an inevitable consequence of the MWI is that the world where we live is an unreal illusion. Keywords: Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Semi-Deterministic Worlds, Reference Worlds, Logical Values.

The ontological aspects of the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics are studied within a mathematical framework. It is demonstrated that parallel worlds adhering to a deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics are statistically unlikely to persist in the long-term ontology of the MWI. This means that the parallel worlds whose sentient beings approve a deterministic substance for quantum mechanics statistically must become extinct in classical limits. Keywords: Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Long-Term Ontology, Classical Limits, Determinism, Deterministic Law, Uncertainty Principle, Parallel Worlds, Statistical History, Predictive Analytics.