Ana de Oliveira

SummaryAnastácio da Cunha's definition of convergent series (Principios Mathematicos, Lisboa 1790, p. 106) was analysed by the Portuguese mathematician J. Vicente Gonçalves (“Análise do Livro VIII dos Principios Mathematicos de José Anastácio da Cunha”, Congresso do Mundo Português Vol. XII, Tomo I, Lisboa 1940, 123–140) and more recently by the historian A. P. Youschkevitch (“J. A. da Cunha et les fondements de l'analyse infinitésimale” Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Tomme XXVI, N. 1, 1973, 9–22). This latter author contests Gonçalves' claim to the effect that Cunha anticipated in his definition the well known criteria of convergence commonly attributed to A. Cauchy. However, Youschkevitch's otherwise deeper analysis is based primarily on a French translation of Principios published in Bordeaux in 1811. In this paper, that translation is shown to be misleading at crucial places. Cunha's definition is further analysed, and an interpretation in terms of the potential infinity is proposed which results in a redress of Cunha's originality in this matter.

Pulmonary rehabilitation has demonstrated patients’ physiological and psychosocial improvements, symptoms reduction and health-economic benefits whilst enhances the ability of the whole family to adjust to illness. However, PR remains highly inaccessible due to lack of awareness of its benefits, poor referral and availability mostly in hospitals. Novel models of PR delivery are needed to enhance its implementation while maintaining cost-efficiency. We aim to implement an innovative community-based PR programme and assess its cost-benefit. A 12-week community-based PR will be implemented in primary healthcare centres where programmes are not available. Healthcare professionals will be trained. 73 patients with CRD and their caregivers will compose the experimental group. The control group will include dyads age- and disease-matched willing to collaborate in data collection but not in PR. Patients/family-centred outcomes will be dyspnoea, fatigue, cough and sputum, impact of the disease, emotional state, number of exacerbations, healthcare utilisation, health-related quality of life and family adaptability/cohesion. Other clinical outcomes will be peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, muscle thickness and cross sectional area, exercise capacity, balance and physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline, at 12 weeks, at 3- and 6-months post-PR. Changes in the outcome measures will be compared between groups, after multivariate adjustment for possible confounders, and effect sizes will be calculated. A cost-benefit analysis will be conducted. This study will enhance patients access to PR, by training healthcare professionals in the local primary healthcare centres to conduct such programmes and actively involving caregivers. The cost-benefit analysis of this intervention will provide an evidence-based insight into the economic benefit of community-based PR in chronic respiratory diseases. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials. gov U.S. National Library of Medicine, on 10th January, 2019.

The idea of liberty was lived and analysed during the whole cultural and ethical development of Ancient history, especially, according to Lima Vaz, in the confrontation between human action and Destine. The concern with the idea of liberty was discussed by important ancient authors such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Cicero. Looking back to the past, Benjamin Constant realized another aspect of the Ancient liberty that may not have been understood by the Ancients themselves as liberty, which is the ability to participate collective, but directly, in political life and in the decisions of the polis. Constant believed, also, that the idea of individual liberty was only developed in Modern history; however, the pillars of legal and individual liberty were developed in ancient Rome. To achieve the several aspects of the idea of liberty is necessary to examine the philosophical effort to explain it along historical moments. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate how the idea of liberty was understood in ancient times and compare with the design developed by the philosophers of modern times, such as Rousseau, Benjamin Constant and Kant.

Objective: To explore the strategies that can help individuals mourning a family member’s death from Covid-19 to cope with the loss. Method: We carried out a narrative review on the PubCovid-19 platform using the descriptors “death,” “mourning,” “Covid-19,” and “coping strategies.” Ten articles were included. Results: The strategies found are phone calls, audio recording, letters, and photos, classified as immediate and long-term. These strategies are focused on mental health, which can be adversely affected by depression and psychological disorders. Conclusions: Creating counseling programs for the relatives of those who died from Covid-19 is urgent. They must offer comprehensive, humanized, and continuous mental health care.

The geometric system of deduction called N-Graphs was introduced by de Oliveira in 2001. The proofs in this system are represented by means of digraphs and, while its derivations are mostly based on Gentzen's sequent calculus, the system gets its inspiration from geometrically based systems, such as the Kneales' tables of development, Statman's proofs-as-graphs, Buss' logical flow graphs, and Girard's proof-nets. Given that all these geometric systems appeal to the classical symmetry between premises and conclusions, providing an intuitionistic version of any of these is an interesting exercise in extending the range of applicability of the geometric system in question. In this article we produce an intuitionistic version of N-Graphs, based on Maehara's LJ' system, as described by Takeuti. Recall that LJ' has multiple conclusions in all but the essential intuitionistic rules, e.g., implication right and negation right. We show soundness and completeness of our intuitionistic N-Graphs with respect to LJ'. We also discuss how we expect to extend this work to a version of N-Graphs corresponding to the intuitionistic logic system FIL (Full Intuitionistic Logic) of de Paiva and Pereira and sketch future developments.

Dias de Nietzsche em Turim de Bressane / Dias / Miguel Angel de Barrenechea -- A atopia potente de Antonio das Mortes: pensamento original e perspectiva histórica / Rodrigo Guéron -- Dioniso é Brasileiro? / Selda Engelman -- Theatrum Mundi: Filosofia e canção / Olgária Chaim Matos -- Uma filosofia do amor em Cartola / Rosa Dias -- Música e diferença: uma crítica à escuta "desinteressada" do cotidiano / Samuel Araújo -- As estruturas dualísticas dos cantos ritualísticos dos Índios Karajá: um reflexão sob a ótica filosófica de fundamentação nietzchiana / Suely Brígido -- Choque de intensidade na ética / Luiz B.L. Orlandi -- Por um filosofia artístico-rizomática da leitura / Daniel Lins -- Nietzsche, a negatividade e a antropofagia: do Cordeiro e da Ave da Rapina ao Jabuti / Maria Cristina Franco Ferraz -- Entre o teatro e a loucura: uma experiência de "esquizocenia" / Peter Pál Pelbart --

The notion of normal proof theory, and yet it has been somewhat neglected by the systems of equational logic. The intention here is then to show the normalization procedure for the equational logic of the Labelled Natural Deduction system. With this we believe we are making a step towards filling a gap in the literature on equational logic. Besides presenting a normalization procedure for the LND equational fragment, we employ a new method to prove the normalization theorems for equational logic: proof transformation by rewriting, based on a algebraic calculus on the 'rewrite reasons'