Ana Gonçalves

Resumo: Este artigo pretende discutir a representação da velhice na modernidade, tendo como objeto de análise uma cena da primeira temporada da série estadunidense The Crown. Nela o então primeiro-ministro Winston Churchill, ao completar 80 anos, se incomoda com um quadro em sua homenagem, no qual aparece retratado sem suavizar seus traços envelhecidos. Ao renegar sua imagem na tela, e nas discussões com o pintor ao longo da elaboração do quadro, Churchill percebe a sua fragilidade. Partindo da descrição dessa cena fictícia, mas baseada em fatos reais, serão analisadas as representações da velhice masculina na modernidade, com o intuito de discutir o quanto a experiência etária se torna complexa no mundo capitalista, alterando o campo simbólico e dando novos significados para o papel do idoso na sociedade contemporânea.

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants have been shown to change responses to unfairness; however, the effects of their combined use on unfairness evaluation are unknown. This study examines the effects of concomitant benzodiazepines and antidepressants long-term use on the evaluation of fair and unfair offers. To analyze behavioral changes on responses to unfairness, we compared the performance of medicated participants and healthy controls in the Ultimatum Game, both in the proposer and in the respondent role. The results showed that long-term psychotropic users had the worse economic strategy by accepting less offers than control subjects. However, in the proposer role, the unfair offers made by participants were similar between groups. The present results suggest that long-term use of psychotropic medication, specifically the combination of benzodiazepines and antidepressants, may increase the sensitivity to unfairness, resulting in higher rejection rates in conditions where this strategy is the most disadvantageous.

Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most widely used tools to assess economic decision-making. However, the research tradition on aging and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been mainly focused on the overall performance of older adults in relation to younger or clinical groups, remaining unclear whether older adults are capable of learning along the task. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine older adults’ decision-making on the IGT, to test the effects of aging on reversal learning (45 studies) and to provide normative data on total and block net scores (55 studies). From the accumulated empirical evidence, we found an average total net score of 7.55 (± 25.9). We also observed a significant reversal learning effect along the blocks of the IGT, indicating that older adults inhibit the prepotent response towards immediately attractive options associated with high losses, in favor of initially less attractive options associated with long-run profit. During block 1, decisions of older adults led to a negative gambling net score, reflecting the expected initial pattern of risk-taking. However, the shift towards more safe options occurred between block 2 (small-to-medium effect size) and blocks 3, 4, 5 (medium-to-large effect size). These main findings highlight that older adults are able to move from the initial uncertainty, when the possible outcomes are unknown, to decisions based on risk, when the outcomes are learned and may be used to guide future adaptive decision-making.

A nutrição desempenha um papel fundamental na saúde e no desempenho das aves de postura. Uma dieta equilibrada, rica em nutrientes essenciais, é crucial para o desenvolvimento adequado, manutenção do sistema imunológico e produção de ovos de qualidade. Deficiências nutricionais podem enfraquecer o sistema imunológico das aves, tornando-as mais suscetíveis a doenças e infecções. Além disso, o desequilíbrio na alimentação pode afetar a produção de ovos, levando à redução da taxa de postura, qualidade da casca e crescimento ósseo inadequado. Por outro lado, o excesso de certos nutrientes, como minerais e vitaminas, também pode causar problemas de saúde, como intoxicações e disfunções metabólicas. Portanto, o manejo nutricional adequado é essencial para prevenir doenças, otimizar o desempenho produtivo e promover o bem-estar das aves de postura. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o manejo de galinhas poedeiras, com foco no manejo alimentar e sua relação com o controle sanitário das aves, especialmente no que diz respeito à prevenção de doenças. Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the health and performance of laying hens. A balanced diet, rich in essential nutrients, is crucial for proper development, maintenance of the immune system and production of quality eggs. Nutritional deficiencies can weaken the immune system of birds, making them more susceptible to diseases and infections. In addition, an imbalance in diet can affect egg production, leading to reduced laying rate, shell quality and inadequate bone growth. On the other hand, excess of certain nutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, can also cause health problems, such as poisoning and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, adequate nutritional management is essential to prevent diseases, optimize productive performance and promote the welfare of laying hens. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the management of laying hens, focusing on food management and its relationship with bird health control, especially with regard to disease prevention.