Ana Sousa

This article argues that the Greek perception of doves underwent a significant evolution from Homeric times, when they were not yet considered sacred birds. The comparison of Homeric goddesses to doves does not necessarily imply that these birds held a sacred status. Only from the fifth century b.c.e. onwards do Greek authors explicitly associate doves with three deities: Aphrodite, Apollo and Zeus. The article offers a critical analysis and interpretation of the systematic frameworks addressed only briefly in previous scholarship and argues that there was a shift in perspective from Homeric times down to the Roman era.

Hospitality has long been recognized as a crucial element in human interactions. In ancient Greece, the act of ξενία, or hosting a stranger, was a sacred duty and a bond between the host and guest that extended beyond the initial encounter. The tradition of ξενία was built upon a set of values and practices that included offering food, clothing, and assistance to the guest and establishing a reciprocal relationship of mutual protection. In modern society, however, the concept of hospitality has been replaced by suspicion and even hostility towards strangers. Fear and indifference often prevent people from engaging with others outside of their own circles, leading to a lack of concern for the well-being of others. This has led to an increase in violence, particularly in urban areas, and a lack of compassion towards refugees and other displaced individuals. In light of the current refugee crisis in Europe, governments are grappling with the challenge of providing a safe haven for these individuals, while many citizens are wary of their arrival.This chapter proposes a new approach to the Greek tradition of hospitality by examining the values and practices that underlie the concept of ξενία. Drawing on a range of sources, including Homeric poems, Euripides’ tragedies, Herodotus’ history, Xenophon’s works, and Aristotle’s philosophical writings, the chapter explores the vocabulary associated with hospitality, including concepts such as friendship, sacred law, customary law, justice, and honour. By delving into these concepts, the chapter argues that the act of ξενία establishes a world of peaceful coexistence in the social and political realm, and that this idea should be a theoretical goal for contemporary society.

Este artículo pretende identificar los retos a los que se enfrenta la educación artísti- ca en la formación inicial del profesorado y enumerar los aspectos que deben guiar las nuevas prácticas pedagógicas orientadas a la sostenibilidad. Se ha optado por una investigación cualitativa basada en un estudio de casos múltiples, mediante una entrevista a profesores de enseñanza superior en Portugal y España. Las con- clusiones apuntan a la necesidad de una refundación de la educación artística a la luz de los retos de la sociedad, que haga a los alumnos partícipes de la construcción de una ciudadanía activa.

In this article, the hypothesis is developed that Descartes does not clearly articulate the knowledge of the thinking substance in the Meditations on First Philosophy and in Objections and Replies. It is argued that such exposition is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the status of Cartesian philosophy at the time of writing the Meditations, particularly to grasp Descartes' conception of the knowledge of the thinking substance in the years 1641 and 1642. As known, knowledge of the thinking substance is a fundamental element in Descartes' philosophy. Firstly, Descartes' two modes of presenting knowledge of the thinking substance in the Meditations are examined, highlighting the issues each entails. Secondly, drawing from the Objections and Replies: especially the fifth and seventh, criticisms from Pierre Gassendi and Pierre Bourdin regarding the knowledge of the thinking substance are presented. Both Gassendi and Bourdin emphasize that the text of the Meditations does not sufficiently clarify how the thinking substance is known. They question the possibility of such knowledge, pointing out the ambiguity and obscurity of Cartesian responses. It is concluded that in the Meditations, Descartes confronts an insurmountable gap between the ontology of substance and its knowledge, which prompts him to further develop and clarify his theory in later writings.

This research aimed to identify the constituent elements of the musicographic document and whether they show signs of cultural memory and the composer's identity. This is a bibliographic and documentary research, using the indexical method. Data analysis and interpretation were based on a qualitative approach. The results indicated that the musicographic document brings together elements of the social structure, musical elements and technological elements capable of revealing the context of the production of the documentary item, as well as the traces of memory and identity of the composer. Therefore, the study concludes that musical composition can be considered a significant cultural memory device.

How do past experiences of violence map onto present day narratives of insurgency in northern Mozambique? In the insurgency that began in northern Mozambique in 2017, narratives of past violent encounters and animosity between different ethnic groups sharing the coastal space emerge as a way of making sense of the conflict. This article explores the ways these narratives stem from existing historical tensions between Makonde and Mwani inhabiting the northern districts of Cabo Delgado. Drawing on ethnography and oral history to highlight the continuities in narrative, I will explore the ways in which current violence is interpreted through references to pivotal moments of violence in the past. I will address the historical construction of difference between Makonde and Mwani to consider what it may tell us about the fractures that underpin the insurgency.

We investigated the feasibility of a short intervention using the Method of Loci, a well-known visuospatial mnemonic, to improve episodic memory recall performance in schizophrenia. The MoL training protocol comprised encoding and recall of two lists of items, a training session and practice with MoL. Then, participants had the opportunity to put into practice the newly learned MoL and were instructed to encode and recall two new lists of items using. This approach was first validated with healthy individuals. Subsequently, five individuals with schizophrenia completed the protocol. Improvement in healthy individuals was observed for the word list. No significant memory improvement was denoted in the schizophrenia group, possibly due to participants' difficulties using the method efficiently and due to fatigue. The MoL seems to require episodic memory, working memory monitoring and executive functions, making it suboptimal for a population with impairments in all those domains. Future research should examine the use of other strategies, better suited for individuals with cognitive impairments like those found in schizophrenia.

Pretende-se apresentar e avaliar o programa inicial de Huet ao publicar a Demonstratio Evangelica (1679), obra de caráter apologético e inclinação cética, frente a seu contexto intelectual, buscando uma melhor compreensão do impacto que tal livro exerceu nas discussões entre grandes intelectuais da República das Letras na Europa do século XVII. Para isso, este artigo contém três momentos: primeiro, procura-se traçar os objetivos da obra e os meios utilizados por Huet para alcançá-los. Posteriormente é exposta uma série de acusações e críticas à Demonstratio Evangelica e, por fim, é feito um balanço a respeito dessas críticas em relação às intenções iniciais de Huet e argumenta-se que esta obra tem certo valor apologético, mas, mais do que isso, exerceu um papel notável no que diz respeito às discussões sobre a história, religião e filosofia no século XVII.