Andrea Munforte

The article aims to outline the minimal elements of the Spinozian ethical theory called "dynergism". To this end, it proposes a reconceptualization of Ethics, understood as general philosophical reflection, aimed at bringing to light the theoretical loci on which any possible ethics can be grounded. The core of the argument is the "Triangle of Ethics" (Gramm(ethics), Morality, Ithecs), understood as a scheme of co-dependent articulation of the constitutive dimensions of the ethical. On this basis, the elements of dynergism as a particular ethics are then defined, and its position with respect to the "animal question" and the climate crisis is clarified.

The volume examines the problem of the foundation of ethics. It begins with an analysis and critique of three "secular" ethical systems that have had a decisive and dominant influence on Western moral thought: Kant's practical philosophy, utilitarianism as formulated by both classical authors (Bentham and Mill) and contemporary ones (Hare and Harsanyi), and finally Aristotle's virtue ethics. This comparison is conducted not only to provide a precise account of the field of inquiry, but also with the aim of appropriating the most compelling insights of each framework and opening a theoretical space in which they may be brought together and mutually reinforced. This space is sought by rethinking the logic and nature of ethics, from which emerges the proposal of an existential posture called "dynergyism." Rooted in a Spinozian horizon of thought, it attempts to resolve the difficulties and synthesize the strengths of the systems previously examined.