Andreas Niederberger

Although metaphysics as a discipline can hardly be separated from Aristotle and his works, the questions it raises were certainly known to authors even before the reception of Aristotle in the thirteenth century. Even without the explicit use of this term the twelfth century manifested a strong interest in metaphysical questions under the guise of «natural philosophy» or «divine science», leading M.-D. Chenu to coin the expression of a twelfth century «éveil métaphysique». In their commentaries on Boethius and under the influence of Neoplatonism, twelfth century authors not only anticipate essential elements of thirteenth century metaphysics, they also make an original contribution to the history of metaphysics by attempting to integrate the theory of first principles, philosophical theology and ontology. This volume presents and examines the contributions of the twelfth century to metaphysics made by selected Jewish, Christian and Muslim authors of the Iberian Peninsula and Francia. Contributors include Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (Frankfurt am Main), Andreas Speer (Würzburg), Charles Burnett (London), Alexander Fidora (Frankfurt am Main), Thomas Ricklin (Neuchâtel), Yossef Schwartz (Jerusalem), Josep Udina (Barcelona), Jack C. Marler (St. Louis/USA), Gillian R. Evans (Cambridge), Andreas Niederberger (Frankfurt am Main) and Françoise Hudry (Paris).

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art literature on migration ethics. The ethics of migration is one of the rapidly growing fields of research in political philosophy, applied ethics, political theory, legal theory, social philosophy and the study of migration in the wider social sciences. Approaches in this field have elaborated possible rights of migrants and host societies, debated permissible criteria for immigration policies, and considered the differences between the claims that refugees and other migrants can make. This Handbook brings together leading international philosophers and social scientists from all regions of the world. In its contributions, it retraces the historical and systematic evolution of normative positions on migration and asylum, introduces the methodologies used in this field and offers concise analyses of the most important controversies in the field of migration – and in particular in the current politically important debate on the ethics of refugees and asylum. The Handbook of Migration Ethics is an indispensable resource for academics, students as well as professionals working in the field of migration. It constitutes a useful starting point for understanding research in this field and its social and political significance, as well as for discovering future research topics.

Many argue that, given the all-subjected principle, non-temporary immigrants should have access to citizenship, challenging differences in rights between denizens and citizens. This article reassesses this conclusion by examining the case for a pathway to citizenship for denizens and asking whether former denizens, now citizens, can be denied some rights existing citizens have. It reconstructs Hart’s distinction between general and special rights, demonstrating with reference to Kant how the special right to political citizenship stems from general rights. This elucidates why denizens are entitled to a path to political citizenship. The article further explores how the exercise of citizenship can lead to additional special rights, scrutinizing whether these must also accrue to new citizens. It discusses conditions under which these further special rights might justify a distinction between citizens. The conclusion argues that reserving certain rights for some citizens is interesting for rethinking democratic theory in light of increasing mobility, less for justifying different rights for citizens and former denizens.

Sabine Gürtler: Elementare Ethik. Alterität, Generativität und Geschlechterverhältnis bei Emmanuel Lévinas; Simon L. Frank: Der Gegenstand des Wissens. Grundlagen und Grenzen der begrifflichen Erkenntnis; Bernhard Rang: Identität und Indifferenz. Eine Untersuchung zu Schellings Identitätsphilosophie; Thomas Bedorf / Stefan A. B. Blank (Hg.): Diesseits des Subjektprinzips: Körper - Sprache - Praxis; Hans-Helmut Gander: Selbstverständnis und Lebenswelt. Grundzüge einer phänomenologischen Hermeneutik im Ausgang von Husserl und Heidegger.

This volume offers a systematic philosophical analysis of the normative challenges facing European refugee policy, focusing on whether the response to it can be based on European values. By considering the refugee policy through the lens of European values, cosmopolitan norms and universal human rights, the contributions expose the weaknesses and limitations of existing regulations and make proposals on how to improve them. The EU is often seen as a cosmopolitan project. Europe is supposed to be a community of states that aspires to be guided by cosmopolitan norms. However, the idea of a cosmopolitan Europe has never been unanimously shared, and in recent years, it has come under increasing scrutiny, particularly with regard to the EU’s refugee policy. The guiding idea of this book is that a deeper philosophical understanding of the normative issues at stake can foster greater conceptual clarity and enrich political debates on the future of European refugee policy. The first part of the book revolves around the question of whether the rise in refugee numbers over the past decade has led to a crisis in the EU and, if so, how this crisis relates to or impacts European values. The second part traces the history of the discourse on “European values” and examines from a philosophical perspective how we can plausibly understand these values in terms of their moral grammar, their normative content and their implications for the behaviour of the EU and its member states. Finally, the third part puts forth recommendations for a feasible and normatively more compelling European refugee policy based on human rights, human dignity, justice and democratic self-determination as the decisive normative requirements. Cosmopolitan Norms and European Values: Ethical Perspectives on Europe’s Refugee Policy will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethics, political philosophy, political science, social sciences and law. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Unter den Menschenrechten findet sich das Recht eines jeden, den Staat zu verlassen, in dem man geboren ist oder sich gerade aufhält. In jüngerer Zeit wird insbesondere unter Verweis auf verheerende Effekte eines Brain-Drain insbesondere für ärmere Staaten die Frage diskutiert, ob Staaten dennoch das Recht haben, direkte oder indirekte Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um Personen an der Emigration zu hindern. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die in diesem Kontext vorgebrachten Argumentationen für mögliche Grenzen eines Rechts auf Emigration und die Legitimation staatlicher Gegenmaßnahmen. Die meisten vorgeschlagenen direkten und indirekten Maßnahmen zur Abwehr eines normativ relevanten Brain-Drain werden dabei als Formen der Zwangsausübung als nicht rechtfertigbar zurückgewiesen: Der Brain-Drain ist als Folge gravierender globaler Ungerechtigkeiten einzuordnen, für die die Verantwortung nicht einzelnen Hochqualifizierten aus dem globalen Süden zugeschrieben werden kann, die die Gelegenheit nutzen, ihre individuelle Situation zu verbessern.