• Implicitly Grounded Beliefs
    Dissertation, University of Notre Dame. 1998.
    Implicitly grounded seemings are impulses to believe which arise from thought processes of which the subject is not conscious, and implicitly grounded beliefs are beliefs that are grounded in such seemings. Many epistemologists would say that argumentative support is not needed in order for basic perceptual, memory, introspective, or a priori beliefs to count as warranted. One can know directly, based merely in its seeming so, that it is sunny outside, that one had eggs for breakfast, that one h…Read more
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    Reformed Epistemology and Diversity
    Faith and Philosophy 18 (2): 168-191. 2001.
    Reformed epistemologists hold that belief in God can be rational and warranted apart from being based on any other propositions. The facts of religiousdiversity, however, are seen by many to pose a challenge to this view. In the first part of this paper I suggest some developments of Plantinga’s account of environment, proper function, and the kinds of faculties involved in the production of warranted belief. In the second part I develop a reformed response to “the Epistemological Challenge of D…Read more
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    Religious diversity poses a challenge to the view that exclusive religious beliefs can be justified and warranted. Equally upright and thoughtful people who appear to possess similarly well-grounded and coherent systems of belief, come up with irreconcilable religious views. The content of religious beliefs also seems unduly dependent upon culture, and no one religion has been shown to be more transformative than the others. Philosophers have recently made at least three kinds of claims about th…Read more