Antonio Perez

Cuando se habla de la relación entre la inteligencia artificial y el autoritarismo, se suele exponer cómo esta tecnología puede ser un poderoso instrumento en manos de una concepción y una práctica autoritaria del poder. En este texto se reflexiona acerca cómo determinados contextos autoritarios pueden estar influyendo en el desarrollo y utilización de la inteligencia artificial. Con este propósito, se presta especial atención a dos cuestiones: a) las funciones informativas y valorativas que contienen y trasladan los sistemas de inteligencia artificial, y en especial los sistemas de inteligencia artificial generativa, y b) hasta qué punto el uso de estos sistemas puede influir en la percepción valorativa que las personas tenemos de la realidad y en nuestra concepción y práctica sobre la toma de decisiones.

The aim of the article is to provide a research result to support the process of consensual and collegiate decision-making in order to mix study models in undergraduate degree courses and postgraduate projects in higher education. The deductive method was used as a starting point and a mixed phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was applied for the methodological design, based on the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques, for which a sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students was selected from the active student population in the year 2021. A structured survey was applied as a technique and a nominal scale was used to collect and analyse the data, which made it possible to determine the students' preferences according to the face-to-face or virtual modality, as well as the incidence of the mixture of both modalities for learning. The results of the research show that undergraduate students show a preference for the face-to-face modality, while postgraduate students prefer the virtual modality. From the examination of the problem, the analysis of the theoretical framework and the applied methodology, it is concluded that the results of the research can help in the process of collegiate decision making by the management agents of higher education institutions, to adequately dose the time load of the face-to-face or virtual modalities, as appropriate to the degree courses and projects.

Retraction note: Muñoz Sánchez, V. M., Pérez Flores, A. M., & Jordi Sánchez, M. (2022). Active tourism and sport: outlining a line of research in social sciences. TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review Revista Internacional De Tecnología, Ciencia Y Sociedad, 12(6), 2–14. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4571 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review.

Introduction: Cryoablation is an acceptable treatment option for small renal cortical neoplasms. Unlike extirpative interventions, intraoperative needle biopsy is the only pathologic data for ablated tumors. It is imperative that sampled tissue accurately captures pathology. We studied the optimal intraoperativeneedle core biopsy protocol for small RCN during laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Methods: Patients with RCN<4cm underwent intraoperative biopsy during LCA. Four biopsy cores were taken per tumor, 2 before and 2 after LCA by using both a standard and modified technique. Standard technique: needle biopsy device was deployed after insertion into therenal tissue at a depth of 5mm. Modified technique: needle biopsy device was deployed 1mm outside of the renal tissue. Biopsies were examined and compared with reference standard pathology. Percentage agreement was calculated across biopsy types and time points. Logistic regression was used to identify factors impacting biopsy accuracy. Results: Thirty patients with 33 RCNs underwent LCA. The mean patient age was 69.1±8.0yrs, and mean tumor size was 2.3±0.7cm. No significant bleeding resulted from biopsies. A definitive diagnosis was made in 31/33 RCNs. Ten tumors were benign, 21 were malignant, and 2 were nondiagnostic. Biopsy length was significantly longer using the standard vs. modified technique with mean lengths of 9.3mm vs. 7.0mm, respectively. Highest agreement was seen in preablation biopsies. A significant association with agreement was seen for younger age and larger tumor size. Conclusions: Younger age and larger tumor size were associated with improved accuracy. Preoperative sampling resulted in superior accuracy and the standard technique resulted in significantly longer cores. Use of preablation standard biopsy technique may result in the most accurate pathologic diagnosis for patients undergoing cryoablation for small RCNs. © 2011 by JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

El posible lógico se divide, con respecto al ser, en ser necesario y ser posible. Al primero el ser le pertenece esencialmente: no puede no ser; al segundo el ser le pertenece contingentemente: puede ser o no-ser. Duns Escoto define al ser posible como lo que no es necesario ni contradictorio en sí mismo. Al ser posible la existencia no le pertenece ni le repugna esencialmente; dada la no contradicción de sus términos, el ser le pertenece contingentemente por ser efecto contingente de una acción libre y contingente de la voluntad omnipotente de Dios.Palabras llave: Duns Escoto; ser necesario; ser posible; posible lógico.The logical possible, in relation to being, is divided in necessary being and possible being. Existence belongs essentially to necessary being but contingently to the possible being. Duns Scotus defines possible being as something in itself neither necessary nor contradictory. Existence does not belong essentially to or is incompatible with possible being, but belongs to it contingently because it is the contingent effect of a free and contingent action of God’s omnipotent will.Palabras llave: Duns Scotus; necessary being; possible being; logical possible.

The problem that underlies Rawls' The Law of Peoples is the problem of how something particular—western— may become universal and human. Rawls claims that he solves this problem by means of extending particular western rights to other non western peoples. The extension of western liberal rights is done by a second original position similar to the first one in A Theory of Justice. The paper tries to prove that the second original position, in its second step, is not similar to the first one and the parties taking part in this second original position are not symmetrically situated. Rawls' proposal falls into ethnocentrism and eurocentrism. The only way to transform particular rights into universal rights is by means of a universal multicultural dialogue where all peoples can make proposals and listen to other peoples' proposals.

Comentando la frase de Hegel de que "lo que hasta hoy se ha alcanzado en América es la expresión de una vida extranjera", se dice que todo imperio intenta repetir en sus colonias el mundo y la vida de la metrópoli. Esta copia se traslada también a la educación. La universidad latinoamericana traída por los españoles pretendía ser una copia de las universidades de Salamanca o Alcalá. Los objetivos, los contenidos, los métodos pedagógicos -memorísticos y repetitivos-eran trasladados al pie de la letra al nuevo mundo que tenía poco que ver con el viejo mundo español. El esfuerzo por repetir lo extranjero produce una mentalidad colonial que se mantiene en la Universidad con el método actual, repetitivo y memorístico de la docencia. También el chauvinismo provinciano que niega todo valor a las ideas que llegan de fuera, es producto de esa mentalidad colonialista. La Universidad ideal será la que, sin dejar de discutir y analizar las ideas y verdades que nos llegan de afuera, crea y produce sus propias ideas y teorías. La que entra en diálogo con las ideas del mundo. Esto se alcanza sólo con la investigación

Nietzsche, desde El Nacimiento de la Tragedia, critica despiadadamente al sujeto de la modernidad. El sujeto moderno, heredero del hombre teorético o socrático, es sustancia y centro del universo objetivado. Convertido en pensamiento y razón pura, se ha desgajado del Uno primario y se ha convertido en el hijo perdido de la naturaleza. Ésta, a su vez, está, como objeto, arrojada enfrente y considerada como enemiga; como tal, se encuentra avasallada por el sujeto moderno. Nietzsche propone el individuo artista como alternativa al sujeto moderno. Imitador de las dos potencias artísticas, a saber, la dionisiaca y la apolínea, su principal característica consiste en saberse accidente o fenómeno de la Voluntad cósmica y negar su total autonomía e independencia de la naturaleza. Esencialmente disarmónico, el individuo artista refleja en su obra la contradicción interna que enfrenta su tendencia centrípeta hacia la unidad cósmica con su tendencia centrífuga hacia la dispersión fenoménica, múltiple e individual.Starting with Die Geburt der Tragödi , Nietzsche criticizes the subject of modernity mercilessly. The modern subject, heir of the theoretical and Socratic man, is the substance and center of an objectified universe. Converted into thought and pure reason, he has become cut off from the primary One and transformed into the lost son of nature. At the same time, nature is objectified and considered an enemy; as such, it is enslaved by the modern subject. Nietzsche proposes the artistic individual as an alternative to the modern subject. Imitator of the two artistic powers, the Dionysian and Apollonian, his principal characteristics are knowing that his self is an accident or phenomenon of cosmic Will and denying his total autonomy and independence from nature. The artistic individual is essentially inharmonic and his works reflect the internal contradiction that opposes the centripetal tendency towards cosmic unity against the centrifugal tendency toward multiple and individual phenomenal dispersion