Beni Beeri Issembert

This opinion paper delves into the philosophical underpinnings and implications of artificial intelligence (AI) development through the lens of Friedrich Nietzsche's "Three Metamorphoses," exploring the stages from the camel, through the lion, to the envisioned child phase within the AI context. Amidst growing concerns over AI's ethical ramifications, including job displacement, biased decision-making, and misuse potential, this analysis seeks to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding AI's evolution and its socio-technical effects on society. The discourse begins by contextualizing AI within the myth of Prometheus, suggesting that, like the myth, AI development harbors both the promise of unprecedented technological advancement and the peril of unforeseen consequences. Drawing insights from various philosophical perspectives, including those of Geoff Hinton, Elon Musk, Mircea Eliade, Gunther Anders, and notable moralists and existentialists, the paper critiques the current trajectory of AI, emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks and responsible innovation. Through the metaphorical stages defined by Nietzsche—the burden-bearing camel representing AI's foundational learning phase, the rebellious lion challenging human capabilities, and the child signifying the potential for artificial general intelligence (AGI) to autonomously create values—the paper posits that AI's development parallels a transformative journey that could redefine human civilization. It argues for a balanced approach to AI development, one that harmonizes technological advancement with ethical considerations, ensuring AI's alignment with human well-being and justice. The conclusion calls for a reflective engagement with AI, urging developers and policymakers alike to consider the deeper philosophical questions posed by AI's integration into the fabric of human life.

Nerval, une crise dans la pensée. Personnage et oeuvre aux limites de la folie dont l'approche se révèle particulièrement complexe. Il est l'initiateur du symbolisme et d'un type de pensée à analyser en terme épistémologique et littéraire. Auteur d'une oeuvre étrange, Voyage en Orient, que Paul Bénichou, dans l'Ecole du désenchantement, considère le fondement de deux principes à priori contradictoires: la "déborde" d'érudition, la littérature de bibliothèque et, paradoxalement, la naissance du "je" littéraire moderne, il dérange en ce sens qu'il ne parvient quasiment jamais à distinguer, tant sur le plan biographique que fictionnel, l'expérience vécue de l'expérience rèvée. Il réhabilite l'imagination par le biais de l'érudition. Et c'est ainsi qu'il élabore une méthode nouvelle pour explorer et découvrir ce qui se trouve entre le vécu et l'"imaginé," méthode que nous nous proposons d'analyser.