Cain Shelley

This article defends the instrumental value of one form of activism – political organizing – to the achievement of a range of egalitarian goals. I begin by arguing that among the central aims of egalitarians in contemporary advanced capitalist nations such as the United Kingdom and United States ought to be transforming the legal status of citizenship. This should involve both deepening and broadening citizenship: expanding the entitlements the status provides to its members and removing barriers to the attainment of the status by non-members. I then highlight two pathways through which some political organizing can contribute to the realization of this transformation. Both concern how organizing can play an important role in curtailing support for inequality-promoting ideologies which inhibit the realization of expanded civic entitlements and increased access to citizenship status among non-members. This argument, I suggest, provides a presumptive case for considering some acts of political organizing taking place within unequal societies to be paradigmatic acts of good citizenship.

Recent debates about the most appropriate political agents for realising social justice have largely focused on the potential value of national political parties on the one hand, and trade unions on the other. Drawing on the thought of Murray Bookchin, this article suggests that democratic municipalist agents – democratic associations of local residents that build and empower neighbourhood assemblies and improve the municipal provision of basic goods and services – can often also make valuable contributions to projects of just social change. I identify a long-term and a more short-term argument for the value of democratic municipalist agency in Bookchin's thought and claim that the latter provides a compelling case for the valuable contributions this form of action can make to the achievement of a wide variety of visions of social justice. This provides a useful partial corrective to recent political theorising about the nature of the partisanship and trade unionism necessary to secure social justice.

In this article, I offer an account of what one of the short-term political aims of proponents of greater equality ought to be. I claim that the strengthening of reflective capacity—citizens’ ability to impose a temporary level of distance from their commitments, to consider alternatives to them, and to evaluate their origins and validity—ought to be one key aim of egalitarian politics under present political conditions. I then propose activist-led education programs as one desirable means to deliver this end of strengthened reflective capacity. Where activist-led education provides plentiful informational resources and opportunities to practice deploying one’s reflective capacity, and also emphasizes and encourages intellectual humility, it seems well placed to help bring about this aim. Activist-led education programs are commonly subject to what I term the indoctrination worry, but I try to show that there are not good grounds for concluding in advance of further study that the delicate balancing of ends that permissible activist-led education requires is either categorically unachievable, or avoidable in the way these objectors often press. The argument thus provides presumptive grounds for considering the proliferation of suitably organized activist-led education programs an important component of a broader strategy of egalitarian social change.