Carlos Rodriguez

Purpose This study aims to examine the aesthetic, narrative and ethical dimensions of postmodern audiovisual productions in the streaming era, focusing on how adolescence, mental health and violence are represented in Adolescence series. It aims to explore the ambivalence between “cute” and “macabre” esthetics and the implications of these portrayals for audience perception and media ethics. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative, interpretive and exploratory methodology was adopted, combining textual analysis, visual semiotics and thematic analysis. Four independent coders – experts in communication, media studies and film – analyzed a purposive sample of Adolescence series. This study examines the aesthetic, narrative and ethical dimensions of postmodern audiovisual productions in the streaming era, focusing on how adolescence, mental health and violence are represented in Adolescence, a British television psychological crime drama series created by Jack Thorne and Stephen Graham and directed by Philip Barantini (2024, WARP Films). Data triangulation was achieved through the integration of primary audiovisual texts, paratextual materials (posters, trailers and social media campaigns) and secondary sources (critical reviews, scholarly literature and audience commentary). Findings The findings indicate that Adolescence combines striking visual impact with a critical reflection on violence and suffering. While aesthetic excess can risk transforming pain into spectacle, the series simultaneously exposes the fragility of institutions and the vulnerability of parental figures, shifting the narrative focus from sensationalism to the structural roots of social conflict. These results contribute to the broader debate on the ethics of audiovisual culture by highlighting how political, economic and social dynamics shape the ways in which younger generations perceive the world, construct their identities and understand their place within society. Furthermore, the study suggests that future research should examine the role of streaming platforms in leveraging emotional impact to capture audience attention and assess whether such portrayals – particularly those depicting parental figures and institutions such as the police or schools in a negative light – may generate adverse effects on the perceptions and value frameworks of younger audiences. Originality/value By theorizing ethical ambivalence as a category for analyzing teen streaming narratives, this study contributes to ongoing debates on postmodern audiovisual culture. Beyond describing aesthetic strategies, it highlights the ethical risks and responsibilities these series entail for audiences, educators and platforms, opening avenues for future research on the social impact of streaming entertainment.

This article examines whether memory, in the Colombian context, is strengthening transitional justice in its contribution to reconciliation. We took Colombia as a case study because the Final Peace Agreement signed in 2016 has become a global benchmark for the negotiated resolution of armed conflicts and a source of lessons learned. While in other transitional processes, memory has been a step, a complement, or a replacement for justice, in Colombia, memory is playing a fundamental role in the judicial sanction of the perpetrators. Consequently, an analysis of the Colombian case explores the potential and limits of memorial initiatives in peacebuilding, considering both the advances and obstacles present in the post-agreement scenario. Based on a set of interviews with experts and victims of the Colombian conflict, the article claims that memory can benefit peacebuilding and reconciliation if it is exemplary, polyphonic, and participative. Otherwise, it can reinforce social divisions and political contestation. Received: 10 March 2025 Accepted: 30 September 2025 Articles in Press: 11 November 2025.

This article analyses the epistemic dimensions of the false positives phenomenon in Colombia, where thousands of civilians were forcibly disappeared and extrajudicially executed by members of the Armed Forces and later falsely presented as combat casualties. Drawing on recent epistemological theories, we argue that these crimes were enabled not only by the deliberate production of ignorance – through concealment, victim profiling, denial, and discrediting of whistleblowers – but also by widespread hermeneutical insensitivities that prevailed across Colombian society. These forms of epistemic injustice, rooted in entrenched negative stereotypes about marginalised populations, severely undermined the credibility of the victims’ families and obstructed access to truth and justice. We also explore how these injustices were institutionally produced and sustained, exacerbating the victims’ epistemic marginalisation. Finally, we examine the epistemic resistance carried out by victims’ collec-tives, especially MAFAPO, showing how their practices – public testimonies, symbolic actions, and truth-telling efforts – have disrupted dominant narratives, regenerated public sensibilities, and reconfigured the public knowledge space, thus playing a decisive role in confronting impunity and reclaiming memory.

La unión de los monstruos y lo vegetal en el género fantástico ha sido una forma de trasladar la presencia de lo primitivo, lo antiguo y lo siniestro. Desde la mandrágora hasta los trífidos, la representación de las plantas como figuras monstruosas ha resultado un reflejo de los sentimientos más negativos del ser humano y de la falacia que supone la sensación de control o poder sobre la naturaleza. En esta línea, el objetivo de este artículo ha sido examinar cómo John Wyndham representó la monstruosidad vegetal en El día de los trífidos. Para tal fin se ha empleado un análisis de contenido de carácter descriptivo y explicativo, enmarcado dentro del diseño cualitativo con la técnica del análisis correlacional de corpus intertextual que examina paralelismos dentro de narrativas culturales. Los resultados muestran que la monstruosidad vegetal suele ser representada como el horror, misterio e insumisión de la naturaleza, cuyos intentos de control, por parte del ser humano, está destinado a salir mal. En definitiva, se trata de un análisis de caso y de un estudio teórico que pretende relacionar la vanidad humana con los desastres ecológicos a través de la literatura y el cine.

We have departed from the affective turn and governmentality studies to analyze the discourses of the most popular real estate investment influencers on Instagram and YouTube in Spain, pointing at their role as anarcho-capitalist activists. Their contents appeal to the insecurity and lack of freedom inherent to the emotional atmosphere and temporary policies of neoliberalism, in order to construct the home as a safe object. We claim that the investment strategies they propose help to expand and fragment the rentier dream, and we point out how they use profitability calculators to freeze feelings concerning the space of the house and how such tools channel investment into working class neighborhoods. Finally, we have explored how through their self-help discourses they promote a personal growth that transforms the home into a non-place that erases the idea of the common.

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto del estrés emocional en la adecuada toma de decisiones y práctica médica oportuna y de calidad de los estudiantes que cursan el quinto año de la carrera en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Se utilizó una lista de valoración para las competencias de la simulación de reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada, y un Cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory para valorar los sentimientos, actitudes y de desgaste profesional. Los resultados muestran que aquellos que estaban expuestos a mayor cantidad de labores recientes y estrés fueron más propensos de incidir en errores médicos durante la toma de decisiones y su aprendizaje. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of emotional stress in the appropriate decision-making and quality medical practice of fifth year medical students from the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. It was used an assessment list for cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation competence and a Maslach Burnout Inventory Questionnaire was used to assess feelings, attitudes and professional wear and tear. Results show those who were exposed to a greater number of recent tasks and to greater stress were more likely to make medical mistakes while making decisions and learning.

América Latina enfrenta un proceso histórico, económico y político que exige la transformación del Estado, ello después de siglos de imposición del liberalismo y de décadas de imposición del neoliberalismo; tanto el pensamiento y las instituciones liberales han mostrado sus límites, deficiencias y efectos negativos, como el neoliberalismo ha llevado a varias crisis económicas, políticas y sociales en diversos países del continente. Es decir, que los ciudadanos y ciudadanas, la población, los pueblos, las culturas, las civilizaciones, las etnias y las naciones han cobrado conciencia de ello, por lo que se han organizado para explicar, comprender y transformar al Estado. Ahora bien, dicha transformación se da desde un conjunto de praxis producto de la reflexión, teorización, explicación y comprensión del mundo que lleva a plantear el sentido de la práctica de transformación consciente o de la práctica revolucionario, también consciente. La conjunción de la teorización y de la práctica consciente llevan a conformar una praxis transformadora o revolucionaria. En este artículo para explicar la praxis y las derivas que ha ido adquiriendo en América Latina se aborda el trabajo de un conjunto de autores que han producido su obra teórica desde América Latina, además del análisis de la praxis del Ejército de Liberación Nacional (EZLN).

The general mitigating and aggravating circumstances of criminal liability are elements attached to the crime that, when they occur, affect the punishment quantum. Cuban criminal legislation provides a catalog of such circumstances and some general conditions for their application. Such norms give judges broad discretion in assessing circumstances and adjusting punishment based on the intensity of those circumstances. In the interest of broad judicial discretion, the law does not establish specific ways for measuring circumstances’ intensity. This gives judges more freedom and autonomy, but it also imposes on them more social responsibility and challenges them to manage the uncertainty and subjectivity inherent in this complex activity. This paper proposes a model to aid the linguistic assessment of circumstances’ intensity and to provide linguistic and numerical recommendations to determine an appropriate punishment interval. M-LAMAC determines the collective evaluation of circumstances of the same type, determines the prevalence of a type of circumstance by means of a compensation function, recommends the required modification in the input interval, and finally recommends a numerical interval adjusted to the judges’ initially expressed preferences. The model’s applicability is demonstrated by means of several experiments on a fictitious case of bank document forgery.

Desde la antigüedad hasta hoy mismo, el juego y el trabajo han sido habitualmente vistos como dos actividades antitéticas y sustancialmente heterogéneas. Sin embargo, John Dewey juzgó que esta concepción común constituía uno más de los dualismos contraproducentes y perniciosos en los que estamos inmersos. Si pensamos en la actitud mental con la que abordamos esas actividades, comprenderemos sus profundas conexiones y llegaremos a apreciar la necesidad de su confluencia. Este artículo examina, pues, la respuesta de Dewey a la visión dualista del jugar y el trabajar, así como la manera en la que materializa esa respuesta en el campo pedagógico. Para ello, basó el programa de estudios de su Escuela Experimental, no en el seguimiento pasivo de una serie de asignaturas, sino involucrando a los alumnos en la realización de unas «ocupaciones activas».

Resumen: Ante el fortalecimiento del papel de la tecnología en la sociedad actual, se hace necesario pensar el rol de aquella desde un punto de vista más radical, examinando el fenómeno mismo y sus consecuencias. La Filosofía tiene un papel fundamental a la hora de examinar y proponer alternativas educativas que contemplen las particularidades del proceso formativo del individuo y su papel como ciudadano en una sociedad profundamente mediada por la tecnología. Partiendo de las afirmaciones de algunos autores como Chomsky, Benkler, Prensky, Ortega y Gasset, Habermas y, especialmente, Hans Jonas, propongo el concepto de “Ciberciudananía Responsable” como marco crítico del Homo Tecnologicus, centrado en el pensar más que en el hacer y que pivota sobre tres temas fundamentales: alfabetización digital, fomento de la participación en red y uso de tecnologías libres. Palabras clave: tecnología, educación, ciberciudadanía, ética, responsabilidad. English title: Education for Responsible CybercitizenshipAbstract: Given the strengthening of the role of technology in today’s society, it is necessary to think about the role of technology from a more radical point of view, examining the phenomenon itself and its consequences. Philosophy has a fundamental role in examining and proposing educational alternatives that contemplate the particularities of the individual’s formative process and his role as a citizen in a society deeply mediated by technology. Relying on the views of authors such as Chomsky, Benkler, Prensky, Ortega y Gasset, Habermas and especially Hans Jonas, I propose the concept of “Responsible Cybercitizenship” as a critical framework of Homo Technologicus, which focuses on thinking rather than doing and hinges on three fundamental themes: digital literacy, promotion of online participation, and use of open source technologies. Keywords: technology, education, cybercitizenship, ethics, responsibility.

El presente artículo recapacita sobre las reformas normativas acontecidas en las últimas décadas respecto al uso racional de los medicamentos, y las medidas operadas en torno a la disminución del gasto farmacéutico. En este contexto, debe destacarse el elevado coste de las terapias biológicas y las dificultades de acceso a las mismas —especialmente en los países en vías de desarrollo—. Los medicamentos biosimilares son poseedores de garantías sanitarias análogas —semejantes o equivalentes— a los medicamentos de referencia, pero no están sometidos a una protección por una patente y facilitan la accesibilidad a los pacientes, así como al reparto equitativo de los recursos terapéuticos. Además, algunos de ellos están incluido en la lista de medicamentos esenciales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).Asimismo, se examina el papel de los medicamentos biosimilares como esenciales y la posibilidad de mejorar el acceso equitativo a estos recursos sanitarios a través de la prestación farmacéutica.

En el presente trabajo se exponen algunos aspectos significativos de la ética aristotélica que están presentes en la obra de Ortega, analizando de qué modo son asimilados, criticados, actualizados o transformados por este en función de su propio pensamiento. Entre estos aspectos se señalan la consideración de la finalidad de la acción como criterio de moralidad, la defensa de una moral del desinterés, la valoración de la grandeza moral o magnanimidad como virtud fundamental, la postulación del propio perfeccionamiento como norma de conducta y la concepción de la felicidad como fin de la vida humana.

Altruism (a costly action that benefits others) and reciprocity (the repayment of acts in kind) differ in that the former expresses preferences about the outcome of a social interaction, whereas the latter requires, in addition, ascribing intentions to others. Interestingly, an individual’s behavior and neurophysiological activity under outcome- versus intention-based interactions has not been compared directly using different endowments in the same subject and during the same session. Here, we used a mixed version of the Dictator and the Investment games, together with electroencephalography, to uncover a subject’s behavior and brain activity when challenged with endowments of different sizes in contexts that call for an altruistic (outcome-based) versus a reciprocal (intention-based) response. We found that subjects displayed positive or negative reciprocity (reciprocal responses greater or smaller than that for altruism, respectively) depending on the amount of trust they received. Furthermore, a subject’s late frontal negativity differed between conditions, predicting responses to trust in intentions-based trials. Finally, brain regions related with mentalizing and cognitive control were the cortical sources of this activity. Thus, our work disentangles the behavioral components present in the repayment of trust, and sheds light on the neural activity underlying the integration of outcomes and perceived intentions in human economic interactions.

La tensión (porosa, múltiple y siempre inacabada) entre la memoria y el olvido, está mediada por las acciones. humanas que destacan ciertos hechos del pasado reciente, con objetivos políticos de cara a nuevas coyunturas. En ese universo, entran en disputa diferentes memorias, que ponen en juego subjetividades, emociones, formas, intereses, narrativas, condiciones sociales y relaciones de poder. La tesis reseñada se ubica en un rincón específico de ese mundo de luchas memoriales. En ella se aborda la lucha de un colectivo de Madres colombianas: Las Madres de ‘Falsos Positivos’ (MAFAPO), cuyos hijos fueron asesinados en el marco de una política del Ejército Nacional de Colombia comúnmente conocida bajo el nombre de ‘falsos positivos’.

In recent years, the term populism has become indeed popular. Among its variants, a very particular one stands out. It is the so-called managerial populism, in which prominent businessmen have entered the arena of politics with a program focused on the regeneration of economic and social life. Donald Trump, perhaps, has been the most outstanding example. In this article, our aim is to analyze this phenomenon of managerial populism, addressing a number of issues. Firstly, we will discuss the emergence of a certain type of charismatic leadership in business or management ideologies as a development that largely precedes the consolidation of these figures in the political scene; the implications of these ideologies in the political and social sphere; and the importance of the forms of discursive use of the concept of people in these popular discourses.

This study explores the effects of the shift to emergency remote teaching on teachers’ levels of well-being, emotions, and motivation. A total of 936 Spanish teachers participated in this nationwide survey from all educational levels, thus allowing comparison among levels, which is a novelty and strength of our study. Four aspects were explored: instructional adaptation to ERT; well-being changes and the main challenges in this regard; changes in emotions; and changes in motivation and the main factors. Importantly, we explored a number of teacher characteristics for the three last aspects. Our results show that teachers felt the impact of ERT on their well-being, emotions, and motivation. Additionally, female teachers, teachers with students of low socioeconomic status, in public schools, and primary and secondary teachers were the most affected groups. This indicates that the impact of ERT differed and some populations of teachers are more at risk of suffering burnout because of ERT.

From an evolutionary perspective, phenotypic, social, and environmental factors help to shape the different costs and benefits of pursuing different reproductive strategies from one individual to another. Since men’s reproductive success is mainly constrained to women’s availability, their mating orientations should be partially calibrated by features that women prefer in a potential partner. For long-term relationships, women prefer traits that signal access to resources, protection skills, and the willingness to share them. Using generalized linear models with laboratory data taken from a Chilean population, this study aimed to test whether real and potential resources, protection skills, and the willingness to provide resources and protection are related to mating orientation in men. Our predictions were: socioeconomic status would be positively associated with long-term and short-term mating orientation but for long-term-oriented individuals, this would be enhanced by having a more favorable parenthood disposition and strength would be positively related to long-term mating orientation in men with higher socioeconomic status and a favorable disposition toward parenthood and it would have a positive and direct association with short-term mating orientation. Our results partially supported the first hypothesis, since men with higher socioeconomic status were more long-term oriented, but parenting disposition did not moderate this effect. Contrary to our expectations, socioeconomic status was not related to short-term mating orientation. Strength appeared not to be significant for long-term mating orientation, even interacting with other traits. However, strength by itself was powerfully linked with a short-term mating orientation. Our results suggest that only some individuals that are attractive for long-term relationships are indeed long-term oriented and may reflect the overall conflict of interests between mating strategies among sexes.

RESUMENEl presente artículo examina el análisis efectuado por La Mothe le Vayer acerca del hecho religioso y su problemática en su obra Dialogues faits à l´imitation des anciens. Desde un acusado escepticismo, presenta la religión como una construcción cultural y convencional. La filosofía, en tanto ejercicio de análisis escéptico, ofrecerá una visión de la moral y la religión alejadas por completo de toda sacralizad. Serán, sin embargo, instrumentos muy útiles para el Estado y, si se administran bien, redundarán en la cohesión social y en la pax politica.PALABRAS CLAVEESCEPTICISMO, CONVENCIÓN, RAZÓN DE ESTADOABSTRACTIn this paper we examine the analysis carried out by La Mothe le Vayer of the religious matter and its problems in his work Dialogues faits à l´imitation des anciens. From a marked scepticism, he presents religion as a cultural and conventional entity. Philosophy, as an exercise of sceptical analysis, offers a view of morality and religion totally removed from any sacredness. Both are, however, very useful instruments for the State and, when well administered, beneficial to social cohesion and pax politica.KEY WORDSSCEPTICISM, CONVENTIOM, REASON OF STATE