Carmen Martínez

The principle objective of a diagnosis is not to categorise symptoms, or group a combination of signs or clinical symptoms in a coherent way, but to cure a patient or improve their quality of life. Diagnoses that are technically correct, but do not seek this objective may become unnecessary labels which convert healthy people, or those who do not consider themselves to be sick, into patients. We propose a limitation of the diagnostic effort in order to reduce the iatrogenic consequences of these unnecessary labels or diagnoses, a new imperative which, in Kantian terms, can be expressed as: examine and treat your patients in such a way that, at the very least, the effects of your actions always improve the quality of their lives.

Este trabajo analiza las stories 4-736 y 4-737 de la colección Fox Movietone News grabadas en 1929. En él aparecen artistas como Antonio y Rosario, Realito, Carbonerillo y Antonio Peana. La metodología de estudio se servirá de bibliografías especializadas y distintas de fotografías para llevar a cabo este trabajo de análisis documental. En las conclusiones se pudo comprobar la importancia de Realito en la proyección de la imagen de España. También se ha podido apreciar que los cantes de Carbonerillo que han quedado recogidos en las películas no son los más representativos del artista.

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer estrategias para ayudar a la familia a educar a sus hijos en relación con la felicidad. Se afirma que es posible aprender a ser feliz y, también, que la familia es el principal ámbito para este aprendizaje. La justificación del objetivo se realiza mediante una aproximación al concepto de felicidad, entendido como fin último del ser humano, desde el punto de vista aristotélico que la comprende como vivir una vida plena y virtuosa. Por otra parte, la psicología positiva entiende la felicidad como bienestar emocional, para lo que se precisa educar las emociones, pero aclaramos que, la felicidad, es más que simplemente facilitar esta educación emocional. Como punto central del artículo, se propuso que, para alcanzar la felicidad personal, es necesario educar, más aún cuando es entendida como la actividad de la persona que consiste en amar conforme a la aceptación personal y a la donación al otro. Finalmente, se realiza un aporte de carácter educativo, ya que se lleva a cabo una propuesta práctica acerca de cómo alentar a las familias a que sean agentes de cambio capaces de promover el optimismo, la alegría y la generosidad. Se concluye que, educar en la felicidad en el ámbito familiar supone una contribución al desarrollo social, ya que, mejorar las relaciones familiares es el camino para lograr un verdadero cambio de la sociedad.

Resumen: Marta Suria escribe Ella soy yo como parte de su respuesta a la irrupción del recuerdo de las agresiones sexuales que había sufrido desde su infancia. Confía en que la forma en que narra su experiencia, la transforme y la libere. ¿Cómo es posible, sin embargo, que una forma de narrar nos transforme, tenga el poder de liberarnos? En este escrito, describiremos, primero, la concepción de la relación entre lenguaje y experiencia que da pie a esta perplejidad; esbozaremos, posteriormente, una concepción alternativa en la que esa perplejidad se disuelve y desde la que es fácil reconocer el poder transformador de ciertas formas de narrarnos. Descansará esta concepción alternativa en la idea de expresión y en la capacidad de percibir aspectos. Mostraremos, en primer lugar, que el lenguaje no solo sirve para describir o para valorar nuestra experiencia, sino también para expresarla; argumentaremos, posteriormente, que la expresión lingüística o gestual de una experiencia no solo la anuncia o manifiesta, sino que le da forma y la modula; subrayaremos, finalmente, el poder transformador de ciertos usos expresivos del lenguaje.: Marta Suria writes Ella soy yo as part of her response to the irruption of the memories of the sexual aggressions she had suffered since childhood. She is convinced that the way she narrates her experience will transform and liberate her. How is it at all possible that a certain kind of narrative may transform and liberate us? In this paper, we will first describe the conception of the relationship between language and experience that lies behind this perplexity and, secondly, we will sketch an alternative conception that will hopefully allow us to account for the transformative power of certain kinds of narratives. This alternative conception will hinge on the idea of expression and on the concept of aspect perception. For this purpose, we will firstly argue that language can be used not only to describe or evaluate our experience, but also to express it; we will, then, defend the view that linguistic or gestural expressions of our experiences not only announce or manifest them, but contribute to shaping and modulating them; finally, we will highlight the transformative, humanizing power of certain expressive uses of language. Palabras clave: daño sexual, narración, expresión, percepción de aspectos, escena de triangulación, jugar, transformación. Keywords: sexual harm, narrative, expression, aspect perception, scene of triangulation, playing, transformative.

Este trabajo analiza las stories 4-736 y 4-737 de la colección Fox Movietone News grabadas en 1929. En él aparecen artistas como Antonio y Rosario, Realito, Carbonerillo y Antonio Peana. La metodología de estudio se servirá de bibliografías especializadas y distintas de fotografías para llevar a cabo este trabajo de análisis documental. En las conclusiones se pudo comprobar la importancia de Realito en la proyección de la imagen de España. También se ha podido apreciar que los cantes de Carbonerillo que han quedado recogidos en las películas no son los más representativos del artista.

Testifying subjected to hermeneutical injustice. Sexual harm and discernment Resumen: Junto a la concepción del testimonio como institución social sometida a condiciones y normas, hay en Conocimiento expropiado (Broncano 2020) una segunda forma de concebir la práctica epistémica del testimonio que entra en conflicto con la primera y que parece pasar inadvertida. Esta segunda concepción se manifiesta en el modo en que Broncano delimita el acto de testimoniar y la dependencia epistémica. El objetivo de esta contribución es mostrar el conflicto existente entre ambos modos de concebir el testimonio a partir de la tensión interna que presentan: mientras que la concepción del testimonio como institución social nos permite reconocer algunas formas fundamentales de testimonio (a saber, el testimonio de las víctimas de injusticia hermenéutica), las definiciones del acto de testimoniar y de la dependencia epistémica parecen excluirlas. Lejos de invalidar el análisis de Broncano, la tensión interna, aunque problemática para los casos en los que quien testimonia está sometida a la injusticia hermenéutica es, en primer lugar, necesaria para comprender los casos de injusticia discursiva o injusticia testimonial —y, por lo tanto, no defiendo su rechazo?; y, en segundo lugar, pone de relieve la importancia vital de concebir el testimonio como una institución social. Abstract: Alongside the conception of testimony as a social institution subject to conditions and norms, there arises in Conocimiento expropiado (Broncano 2020) a second way of conceiving the epistemic practice of testimony that conflicts with the first and seems to go unnoticed. This second conception is manifest in the way Broncano delimits the act of testimony and the epistemic dependence. The aim of this contribution is to show the conflict between these two ways of conceiving testimony through the internal tension they present: while the conception of testimony as a social institution allows us to recognize some fundamental forms of testimony (namely, the testimony of victims of hermeneutic injustice), the definitions of the act of testifying and epistemic dependence seem to exclude them. Far from invalidating Broncano’s analysis, the internal tension, although problematic for cases in which the testimonial agent is subject to hermeneutic injustice is, firstly, necessary to understand cases of discursive injustice or testimonial injustice—and, therefore, I do not advocate its rejection?; and, secondly, it highlights the relevance of conceiving testimony as a social institution. Palabras clave: Testimonio, injusticia hermenéutica, cooperación epistémica, daño sexual. Keywords: Testimony, hermeneutic injustice, epistemic cooperation, sexual harm.

Marta Suria writes *Ella soy yo* as part of her response to the irruption of the memories of the sexual aggressions she had suffered since childhood. She is convinced that the way she narrates her experience will transform and liberate her. How is it at all possible that a certain kind of narrative may transform and li- berate us? In this paper, we will first describe the conception of the relationship between language and experience that lies behind this perplexity and, secondly, we will sketch an alternative conception that will hopefully allow us to account for the transformative power of certain kinds of narratives. This alternative conception will hinge on the idea of expression and on the concept of aspect perception. For this purpose, we will firstly argue that language can be used not only to describe or evaluate our experience, but also to express it; we will, then, defend the view that linguistic or gestural expressions of our experiences not only announce or manifest them, but contribute to shaping and modulating them; finally, we will highlight the transformative, humanizing power of certain expressive uses of language.

Pathological objects and counterexamples play an important role in mathematical understanding even though there is no precise definition of them. What is a pathological object? What makes a mathematical object pathological?The aim of this paper is to try to give a partial response to these questions from the standpoint of mathematical analysis in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We will describe briefly how the notion of function changed dramatically in the nineteenth century and we will study how this change brought on important philosophical consequences for the subject implying that the notion of pathology relies upon certain properties occurring only in a few instances.

Public health communication and, especially during a crisis scenario such as an epidemics, is mediated by ethical conflicts ranging from values to deontology. In an intercommunicated world, the social support during outbreaks and epidemics becomes global and the state presence is a key to social protection. This should also be translated into timely, urgent and effective communication strategies from the public health perspective as well as efforts to prevent and avoid fake news or skewed information from any sources. Scenarios with lack of connection and obstacles in mass communication in public health major threats are described.

Social pressure on companies is leading to a growing concern about the corporate relationship with the community. On the other hand, the progressive reduction on governments' grants leads nonprofits to diversify their sources of revenue and to turn to companies for funds. However, there has been a change in this relationship. Their margin for cooperation is now broader, and the level of involvement is deeper. This results in the formation of alliances between them. Based on the literature and the results of a series of interviews with marketing managers at nonprofits and companies, this paper analyses the opportunities and risks associated to this type of partnerships, with a special emphasis in the nonprofits' needs and mission. Secondly, we describe how Spanish nonprofits are hedging the risks. Finally, guidelines and information sources are provided in order to reduce the uncertainty contingent to this type of alliances.

Previous research has shown that inconsistencies across repeated interviews do not indicate deception because liars deliberately tend to repeat the same story. However, when a strategic interview approach that makes it difficult for liars to use the repeat strategy is used, both consistency and evasive answers differ significantly between truth tellers and liars, and statistical software (binary logistic regression analyses) can reach high classification rates (Masip et al., 2016b ). Yet, if the interview procedure is to be used in applied settings the decision process will be made by humans, not statistical software. To address this issue, in the current study, 475 college students (Experiment 1) and 142 police officers (Experiment 2) were instructed to code and use consistency, evasive answers, or a combination or both before judging the veracity of Masip et al.'s ( 2016b ) interview transcripts. Accuracy rates were high (60% to over 90%). Evasive answers yielded higher rates than consistency, and the combination of both these cues produced the highest accuracy rates in identifying both truthful and deceptive statements. Uninstructed participants performed fairly well (around 75% accuracy), apparently because they spontaneously used consistency and evasive answers. The pattern of results was the same among students, all officers, and veteran officers only, and shows that inconsistencies between interviews and evasive answers reveal deception when a strategic interview approach that hinders the repeat strategy is used.