Chen Guo

In the knowledge economy, the process of knowledge sharing and creation for value co-creation frequently emerge in a multi-agent and multi-level system. It's important to consider the roles, functions, and possible interactive knowledge-based activities of key actors for ecological development. Makerspace as an initial stage of incubated platform plays the central and crucial roles of resource orchestrators and platform supporter. Less literature analyses the knowledge ecosystem embedded by makerspaces and considers the interactive process of civil society and natural environment. This study constructs a multi-agent and multi-level knowledge ecosystem from macro, meso, and micro perspective based on Quintuple Helix theory and designs four evolutionary stages of knowledge orchestrating processes. This study finds that the symbiosis, co-evolution, interaction, and orchestration of multiple agents in the knowledge ecosystem should be merged with each other for value co-creation, which helps to take a systematic approach for policymakers, managers, and researchers.

The Zhuangzi is perhaps the one and only work in classical Chinese philosophy that never fails to blow one's mind with its exquisite intertwining of high frivolousness, literary power, ambiguity, ambivalence, profundity and provocativeness all at once. There is urgent need of a translation able to transmit this paradoxical reading experiences as it is. Happily, all of these qualities, with the possible exception of ambiguity, are revealed in Brook Ziporyn's Zhuangzi: The Complete Writings, with both poetry and precision. Through a hermeneutical approach that inter-contextualizes each line and each word of the thirty-three chapters, especially many controversial places, he makes the chaotic and unsystematic text...

Qing Dynasty in Chinese history of the last feudal dynasty, the traditional academic point has reached a higher level. Qin has appeared in various academic schools and academic thinking, which can be found in the Qing Dynasty most evolution of the trajectory and destination. Wang Fu-chih, Gu, xi, and others advocate study of statecraft, this is really the Qing Dynasty marked the beginning of the academic school, initially laid late Qing Qian Jia Han and the basis for new learning. The classics of Chinese traditional academic as the main body to find a new development path and start a new transformation process. In short, in the early Qing Dynasty, classical studies, history, literature, science and social thinkers of practical problems, have achieved significant value academic achievement. Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in China's history, in which the traditional academy had reached a high level. In Qing Dynasty, the development and evolution track and end-result of all the academic schools and thinking that had prevailed in pre-Qing Dynasty could be found. Scholars like Wang Fuzi, Gu Yanwu, Huang zongxi, etc. advocated to study classics for the sake of practical use. It became the origin of academy of Practical Learning and initially lay a foundation for Qian-jia sinology and late- Qing's New Studying. It was also in this period that the classics-oriented traditional Chinese academy had found its own way to develop and stepped onto a new transform. In short, in the early stage of Qing Dynasty, the studies to the Confucian classics, literature, practical social problems and classic theories of all schools had made great and valuable achievements in academy

Based on the Qu Ming and his friends the writings and notes Fangzhi other book records, birth and death of Qu year before Going to the experience of writing and its relatives other items, to be verified. When the test set their date of birth is Yuan positive seven years , Death should Xuande eight years , corrected in the past few into the conclusion of the traditional view. And Qu You Rushi before seeking shelter, reading, literature, make friends, love and marital status examination to describe. About Qu writings, the author lists 40 kinds, of which the "Hong table set," "light cut recorded", "I Ching scores" and nine kinds of books to be specifically discussed. In addition, research has Qu relatives - uncle Qushi Heng and ancestral Regardless, nephews and so on

Bureaucracy is an organizational form of governance. Period in the industrial society, it has played an important role. However, in the information society, the bureaucratic system is facing a deep crisis, and its internal information and incentive mechanism is not suited to cause crisis. The rise in the world of "new public management" movement is the response to the crisis. The transformation of Chinese bureaucratic system in China has made ​​important contributions to economic growth, but further reform task more difficult, more far-reaching. As an organization form of governmental management, bureaucracy played an important role in industrial society, but now it faces a deep crisis in the information society due to the conflict between its information mechanism and that of stimulation. New Public Management rising worldwide is the very reaction to the crisis. The bureaucratic transformation in contemporary China has contributed greatly to China's economic growth. However, its further reform will be more difficult and more significant

The relationship between the state and property determines a country's long-term economic performance. Born in state intervention in property rights within the exclusive power of the mandatory requirements, first, to maintain the power of exclusive property rights through various social mechanisms, but the evolution of property rights arrangements of this power will eventually be provided by the state. However, the State become the legitimate monopoly of coercive power by then, it may be to maintain property rights, promote economic development; also be against the property, causing a recession. Therefore, the effective constraint on countries to ensure sustained economic growth is a basic condition. However, the effective binding property of the state depends on the social structure. The relationship between State and property can determine the long economic performance of a country. The root of government getting involved in property right is the exclusiveness and compulsory nature of property. Initially, it defended itself through every possible social institution; but at last with the evolution of properties, the state became the legal defender. Anyway, although the government protects property from violation and promotes economic development, t misappropriates properties and might cause economic stagnation. Therefore, to restrict government activities in this area may be imortant to guarantee continuous economic growth. The effective restriction through property will depend upon social structural transition

In land acquisition, the government there is finances illusion. In China, urban and rural land system and land acquisition procedures split the virtual home of fiscal illusion together constitute the institutional basis of support, the rise of China's land is residential property finance and government the right to impose the results of loss of balance between the right, from the root of the financial management of the land must be start on the substantive law and procedural law double "power to the people" reform. China land finance originates from the financial illusion of land expropriation, and a result of an unbalance between the residents of property rights and government's right to levy. The division of urban and rural land system and the process of land expropriation in vain are the systemic bases to support this financial illusion. In order to administer the problem of land finance, we must make a reformation of "returning the power to the people" in substantive law and procedural law

Santangelo, Paulo (ed.). 2012.Laughing in Chinese.Rome: Aracne Editrice. 472pp. €26. ISBN 97888 548 46203. This book of 15 papers is divided into four parts: humor in Chinese and Japanese literary works, examples of comic literature, the moral involvement of humor, and the psychology of humor. Santangelo provides a substantial introduction to smiles and laughter in the Chinese context and also to the papers in his book (pp. 5–28). This structure lends itself to a description and analysis of smiling and laughing as both social acts and as manifestations of states of mind. An identifiable theme is the interrelationship between social acts (the sociology, culture or politics of situation) and manifest states of mind (the psychology of the individuals involved in the situation).