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304Naturerkenntnis Und Natursein (edited book)Suhrkamp. 1998.Indem dieser Band sich auf das Verhältnis von Naturerkennen und Natursein konzentriert, thematisiert er einen wesentlichen Ausschnitt aus dem weiten Spektrum von Böhmes philosophischer Arbeit. Um die Naturthematik möglichst breit zu entfalten und für Querverbindungen offenzuhalten, ist der vorliegende Band in drei Abschnitte gegliedert. Im ersten Abschnitt stehen Charakter und Reichweite der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis von Natur im Mittelpunkt. Der zweite Teil des Bandes stellt alternative Per…Read more
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138The Well- and Unwell-Being of a ChildTopoi 32 (2): 197-205. 2013.The concept of the ‘well-being of the child’ (like the ‘child’s welfare’ and ‘best interests of the child’) has remained underdetermined in legal and ethical texts on the needs and rights of children. As a hypothetical construct that draws attention to the child’s long-term welfare, the well-being of the child is a broader concept than autonomy and happiness. This paper clarifies some conceptual issues of the well-being of the child from a philosophical point of view. The main question is how we…Read more
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75Donating Embryos to Stem Cell Research: The “Problem” of GratitudeJournal of Bioethical Inquiry 9 (1): 19-28. 2012.This paper is based on linked qualitative studies of the donation of human embryos to stem cell research carried out in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and China. All three studies used semi-structured interview protocols to allow an in-depth examination of donors’ and non-donors’ rationales for their donation decisions, with the aim of gaining information on contextual and other factors that play a role in donor decisions and identifying how these relate to factors that are more usually includ…Read more
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72Why Human Germline Editing is More Problematic than Selecting Between Embryos: Ethically Considering Intergenerational RelationshipsThe New Bioethics 24 (1): 9-25. 2018.
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70Organised Assistance to Suicide in England?Health Care Analysis 21 (2): 85-104. 2013.Guidelines provided by the Director of Public Prosecutions suggest that anyone assisting another to commit suicide in England and Wales, or elsewhere, will not be prosecuted provided there are no self-seeking motives and no active encouragement. This reflects the position in Switzerland. There, however, no difference is made between assistance and inducement. In addition, the Swiss approach makes it possible to establish organisations to assist the suicides of both their citizens and foreign vis…Read more
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70How to Relate the Empirical to the NormativeCambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 21 (4): 436-447. 2012.
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57Why Non-Directiveness is Insufficient: Ethics of Genetic Decision Making and a Model of Agency (review)Medicine Studies 1 (2): 113-129. 2009.There is no consensus about the ethical ideal of genetic counselling and decision making. This paper reviews and discusses some of the most prominent ethical arguments that have been brought forward against the non-directiveness principle (NDP), which has been the ethical gold standard for a long time. These arguments can be classed in four categories: (i) NDP can be against the best interests of the individuals concerned; (ii) NDP has ideological elements that do not adequately represent the co…Read more
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51Frankensteinian Knowledge?The Monist 79 (2): 264-279. 1996.Scientific knowledge is experimental knowledge. Such knowledge can be seen as "forbidden," either because the experiments leading to that knowledge are seen as immoral, or because interventions made possible by that knowledge could be morally offensive. There is currently an interesting case in the realm of genetic engineering, in which moral condemnations have been forthcoming but have not been unanimous. Here I present an analysis of this heterogeneity of moral assessment in the hope that this…Read more
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46„Selektive“ Fortpflanzung durch pränatale Diagnostik?Ethik in der Medizin 34 (1): 7-26. 2021.Die breite Einführung nicht-invasiver pränataler Tests sowie die Ausweitung der Testziele über Trisomien hinaus machen es notwendig, Sinn und Ziel der pränatalen Diagnostik als emergente soziale Praxis grundsätzlich zu diskutieren. Wenn, wie angenommen wird, PND nicht zu eugenischen Zwecken, sondern zur Stärkung der Autonomie dienen soll, muss gefragt werden, welche Bedeutung die Entscheidungen haben, ein bestimmtes zukünftiges Kind zu gebären. Stephen Wilkinson hat vorgeschlagen, PND als eine F…Read more
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40Ethical Considerations in the Manufacture, Sale, and Distribution of Genome Editing TechnologiesAmerican Journal of Bioethics 18 (8): 3-6. 2018.
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39The decision of the German Federal Joint Committee to cover NIPT in mandatory health insurance. An ethical analysisEthik in der Medizin 32 (4): 385-403. 2020.Definition of the problemFrom an ethical point of view we analyse the ruling of the German Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, G‑BA) of September 2019 to revise the guidelines about the coverage of noninvasive prenatal tests (NIPT) by mandatory health insurance, in order to include them under specified conditions. The decision contains four essential elements: a definition of the aim of NIPT testing (to avoid invasive testing), a criterion of access (test must be “necessary” fo…Read more
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38ABSTRACT The part played by time in ethics is often taken for granted, yet time is essential to moral decision making. This paper looks at time in ethical decisions about having a genetic test. We use a patient‐centred approach, combining empirical research methods with normative ethical analysis to investigate the patients' experience of time in (i) prenatal testing of a foetus for a genetic condition, (ii) predictive or diagnostic testing for breast and colon cancer, or (iii) testing for Hunti…Read more
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36How reproductive and regenerative medicine meet in a Chinese fertility clinic. Interviews with women about the donation of embryos to stem cell researchJournal of Medical Ethics 36 (12): 754-757. 2010.The social interface between reproductive medicine and embryonic stem cell research has been investigated in a pilot study at a large IVF clinic in central China. Methods included observation, interviews with hospital personnel, and five in-depth qualitative interviews with women who underwent IVF and who were asked for their consent to the donation of embryos for use in medical (in fact human embryonic stem cell) research. This paper reports, and discusses from an ethical perspective, the resul…Read more
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36Is it a child’s duty to donate blood stem cells for its sick sibling?Ethik in der Medizin 25 (2): 89-102. 2013.Die allogene Transplantation von Blutstammzellen aus dem Körper von Kindern, die der Spende nicht selbst zustimmen können, in den Körper eines kranken Geschwisterkindes wirft schwierige ethische Fragen auf. Wie kann ein risikobehafteter, fremdnütziger medizinischer Eingriff ethisch gerechtfertigt werden? In dieser Arbeit werden Argumente kritisch untersucht, nach denen das Spenderkind eine Pflicht habe, bei der Transplantation mitzumachen. Die Idee der Pflicht ist nachvollziehbar aus der Perspek…Read more
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35Creating donors: The 2005 swiss law on donation of 'spare' embryos to hESC research (review)Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 3 (1-2): 81-93. 2006.In November 2004, the Swiss population voted to accept a law on research using human embryonic stem cells. In this paper, we use Switzerland as a case study of the shaping of the ostensibly ethical debate on the use of embryos in embryonic stem cell research by legal, political and social constraints. We describe how the national and international context affected the content and wording of the law. We discuss the consequences of the revised law's separation of stem cell research from other form…Read more
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35PID auf Aneuploidie des Embryos?: Ethische Überlegungen zur Auslegung von § 3a des Embryonenschutzgesetzes in DeutschlandEthik in der Medizin 29 (3): 201-216. 2017.ZusammenfassungZumindest bei bestimmten Gruppen kann die Aneuploidietestung im Rahmen der PID für die Schwangerschaft medizinisch sinnvoll sein. Die gegenwärtige Rechtslage in Deutschland scheint die PID auf eine Chromosomenfehlverteilung im Embryo nicht auszuschließen; diese Testung muss aber im Einzelfall begründet und von der Frau bei einer PID-Ethikkommission beantragt werden. Der Artikel untersucht die Frage aus ethischer und rechtlicher Sicht, ob prinzipielle Gründe dagegen stehen, dass di…Read more
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34Genes in labs - concepts of development and the standard environmentPhilosophia Naturalis 43 (1): 49-73. 2006.The relationship of genes, genomes, the organism and the environment where development takes place can be explained in two dramatically different ways. The two views are characterized as ,,program theory' and ,,systemic theory' of DNA. The first assumes that genetic information is encoded in DNA and preexists development. Environmental influences are treated as conditions for adequate gene expression, sometimes as selective conditions for different developmental pathways. The second assumes that…Read more
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31'Ambivalence' at the end of life: How to understand patients' wishes ethicallyNursing Ethics 19 (5): 629-641. 2012.Health-care professionals in end-of-life care are frequently confronted with patients who seem to be ‘ambivalent’ about treatment decisions, especially if they express a wish to die. This article investigates this phenomenon by analysing two case stories based on narrative interviews with two patients and their caregivers. First, we argue that a respectful approach to patients requires acknowledging that coexistence of opposing wishes can be part of authentic, multi-layered experiences and moral…Read more
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30Holmes Rolston III: Genes, genesis and God. Values and their origins in natural and human history (review)Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 7 (1): 95-98. 2004.
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27Agency at Life’s EndAmerican Journal of Bioethics 19 (12): 40-41. 2019.Volume 19, Issue 12, December 2019, Page 40-41.
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26How to Relate the Empirical to the Normative - Toward a Phenomenologically Informed Hermeneutic Approach to BioethicsCambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 21 (4): 436-447. 2012.
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25Altered Nuclear Transfer, Genom-Metaphysik und das Argument der PotentialitätJahrbuch für Wissenschaft Und Ethik 11 (1): 351-374. 2006.
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23Biomedicine within the Limits of Human Existence – Biomedical Technology and Practice Reconsidered: Doorn, The Netherlands, 8–13 April 2005Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 8 (3): 385-387. 2005.
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23Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (review)BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1): 1-18. 2021.BackgroundPrecision medicine development is driven by the possibilities of next generation sequencing, information technology and artificial intelligence and thus, raises a number of ethical questions. Empirical studies have investigated such issues from the perspectives of health care professionals, researchers and patients. We synthesize the results from these studies in this review.MethodsWe used a systematic strategy to search, screen and assess the literature for eligibility related to our …Read more
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23Comparing Germany and Israel regarding debates on policy-making at the beginning of life: PGD, NIPT and their paths of routinizationEthik in der Medizin 34 (1): 65-80. 2021.The routinization of prenatal diagnosis is the source of bioethical and policy debates regarding choice, autonomy, access, and protection. To understand these debates in the context of cultural diversity and moral pluralism, we compare Israel and Germany, focusing on two recent repro-genetic “hot spots” of such policy-making at the beginning of life: pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and non-invasive prenatal genetic testing, two cutting-edge repro-genetic technologies that are regulated and vi…Read more
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21Ambivalence: The Patient’s Perspective CountsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 22 (6): 55-57. 2022.Patient ambivalence is a little studied phenomenon. Therefore, the contribution of Moore et al. (2022) about patient ambivalence in medical decision-making is welcome. Also, the idea that ambivalen...