Cristiano Calì

This article advances an account of why, in the digital age, the Catholic Jubilee’s constitutive rite – the bodily crossing of the Holy Door – resists virtualization. Critiquing theories that define screens as ‘operational thresholds,’ it argues that authentic threshold experience presupposes materiality and the inseparable pair door–threshold. Building a threefold grammar – limes (boundary and separation), ostium (structural solidity and protection), and ianua (mistagogical passage) – the study shows how embodied crossing is requisite for access to an order of reality that cannot be simulated. Applied to the Catholic Jubilee, this grammar clarifies why the pilgrimage’s telos is not a place but a passage. Anthropologically, doors engage the body: they must be touched, pushed, and crossed. A screen is a window for viewing; a door is an instrument for entry. Theologically, the door images the human person, an interface of interior and exterior, sin and sanctification, called to be traversed by grace and responsibility.

Da quando la neurofisiologia ha iniziato a indagare i correlati neurali delle azioni umane, e considerando che tra i sogni di certi programmi di ricerca sull’intelligenza artificiale vi è quello di costruire nuovi soggetti morali che possano definirsi autonomi, sembra proprio che la capacità dell’essere umano di autoderminarsi sia destinata a eclissarsi per sempre. Tale prospettiva, però, è tutt’altro che recente. Sin dagli albori della storia della filosofia in molti hanno provato a mostrare come la libertà sia soltanto un’illusione, in balìa ora delle divinità ora delle leggi di natura. Di questa lunga storia il saggio vuole dare conto senza ridursi, tuttavia, a una mera rassegna di teorie, ma suggerendo, piuttosto, come – nonostante i vari processi decostruzionisti – nel libero arbitrio si possa individuare una capacità cognitiva irriducibile e irriproducibile, che si configura quale ottima candidata per essere un proprium constitutivum dell’essere umano e fondamento per lo sviluppo di una nuova prospettiva antropologica.

People have sought ways to improve their physical and mental capabilities for thousands of years. For those of us who believe that human enhancement technologies include clothes, tools and weapons, the politics of enhancement started in prehistory. The norms of pre-industrial societies that only certain castes or genders could touch specific tools or wear certain clothes were preliminary politics of enhancement. Prosthetic limbs are thousands of years old, and by the 15th century, there were multiple experiments with vaccination around the world. Although it would be appropriate to write a history of the various forms of empowerment that have taken place since the dawn of civilisation, this volume – that now we can present to the lectors – will be on the debates about human enhancement that began in the early 20th century, once modern medicine had begun to suggest actual technologies for human augmentation. Before examining the relationship between human enhancement and biopolitics (the subject of our work), it is helpful to say a few words about the series in which this volume appears, a series that bears the same title as this first text and which opens with contributions from the best scientific experts on the subject.

The present paper aims to validate our research on human–humanoid interaction (HHI) using the minimalist humanoid robot Telenoid. We conducted the human–robot interaction test with 142 young people who had no prior interaction experience with this robot. The main goal is the analysis of the two social dimensions (‘‘Perception’’ and ‘‘Believability’’) useful for increasing the natural behaviour between users and Telenoid.Weadministered our custom questionnaire to human subjects in association with a well defined experimental setting (‘‘ordinary and goal-guided task’’). A thorough analysis of the questionnaires has been carried out and reliability and internal consistency in correlation between the multiple items has been calculated. Our experimental results show that the perceptual behaviour and believability, as implicit social competences, could improve the meaningfulness and the natural-like sense of human–humanoid interaction in everyday life task-driven activities. Telenoid is perceived as an autonomous cooperative agent for a shared environment by human beings.