Daniel Lopez

Some philosophers seem to think that borderline cases provide further cases of apparent faultless disagreement. This chapter argues against such a suggestion. It contends that with respect to borderline cases, people typically do not respond by taking a view, in contrast to what is the case in genuine cases of apparent faultless disagreement. It shows that the claim of the chapter is indeed respected, and is accounted for by paradigm cases of semantic and epistemic views on the nature of vagueness. It is also argued that this claim turns out to be, initial appearances notwithstanding, compatible with other claims in the literature; to the effect that in appropriate circumstances, there are indeed, or there might well be, ‘macho’, admissible, forced, and hesitant responses to borderline cases.

Este pequeño ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar el texto de Salvatore Satta El misterio del proceso, conferencia pronunciada en 1949, y a partir de la cual podemos interrogarnos por una filosofía del juicio. El juicio no es solo un mecanismo jurídico, sino un acontecimiento que revela la condición paradójica del derecho y del sujeto moderno. La palabra de la persona acusada se transforma en ruido burocrático, y el juicio se convierte en una pena en sí mismo, más allá de la sentencia. Se expone así que el juicio no busca justicia ni verdad, sino que realiza una separación esencial entre vida vivida y vida justificada. El juicio no responde a una falta: la produce. En él se consuma una violencia fundacional, teatralizada y legitimada, que convierte toda vida en imputable. El proceso judicial se revela como un acto sin fin, donde el derecho no se limita a castigar, sino que inaugura la condición por la cual la vida es juzgable.

This paper offers a structured comprehension of the epigenesis in Kant’s critical philosophy, i.e., the theory that describes the generation of reason and the organisms, through which the rational motives that support and validate this theory are clarified. With these purposes, (1) this theory is reconstructed and interpreted from its first appearance in the Critique of Pure Reason of 1781 and the racial texts of the same decade; (2) it is analyzed and comprehended by means of its exposition in the Critique of the Power of Judgment of 1790; at last, (3) a three-step comprehension of this theory is proposed, which synthesizes what has been gathered from the first two sections, and subsequently the rational motives that support and validate it inside the critical limits of knowledge are clarified and articulated, namely, the Kantian comprehension of rationality and, specifically, of the reflective power of judgment. With this labor, a comprehension that can function as a point of agreement and departure is provided to the recent studies on this theory, which is done emphasizing the motives that explain its adoption by Kant to describe the rational generation.

Simple Summary: The present study evaluates the effects of two dietary supplements (guanidinoacetic acid [GAA] and zilpaterol hydrochloride [ZLH]) on the productive performance of fattening lambs over a 60-day period. The inclusion of these additives did not result in significant differences in the parameters studied. However, serum glucose and creatinine levels in the GAA group were higher than those in the control group. These findings suggest that further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of GAA supplementation to enhance lamb growth and meat production. Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZLH) on productive performance, carcass traits, and blood chemistry in non-castrated male lambs over 60 days. Twenty-four Pelibuey × Dorper crossbred lambs (16.3 ± 2.7 kg) were adapted to housing and diet for 14 days before being randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) Control: total mixed ration (TMR) without additives; (2) GAA: TMR with 0.2% GAA; and (3) ZLH: TMR with 6 mg/kg dry matter (DM) of ZLH for the last 30 days. No significant differences were observed in productive performance or carcass traits among treatments. However, lambs fed GAA showed higher serum glucose and creatinine levels than the control group (p < 0.05), suggesting a potential effect on energy metabolism. ZLH supplementation had no measurable impact on the parameters evaluated. These findings indicate that while GAA may influence certain metabolic indicators, further research with extended feeding periods or varying dosages is needed to clarify its effects on growth and carcass characteristics in lambs.

This article reconstructs Gillian Rose's idea of ‘divine comedy’, from its first articulation in Hegel Contra Sociology (2009) to the development of the idea in later works; most importantly, Love’s Work (1995). This analysis demonstrates that Rose implicitly shifted away from her earlier, pessimistic, Hegelian account of the end of art and her insistence on the ‘severe style’. Divine comedy, it is argued, may satisfy the requirements that Rose articulates for speculative thought, by traversing the constitutive dichotomies of modern life – for example, between universal and particular, or between law and love – in light of individual experience. By reading Love’s Work as an exemplary modern divine comedy, this article argues for the ongoing viability of the ‘ideal style’, which Rose had previously dismissed. This, in turn, suggests a novel reading of Rose's oeuvre and affirms the possibility of a speculative poetics.

Cybersecurity technology has the ability to detect malware through a variety of methods, such as signature recognition, logical rules or the identification of known malware stored in a database or public source. However, threat actors continuously try to create new variants of existing malware by obfuscating or altering parts of the code to evade detection by antivirus engines. Infostealers are one of the most common malicious programs aimed at obtaining personal or banking information from an infected system and exfiltrating it. In addition, they are the precursors of potentially high-security incidents because attackers gain a entry into companies’ internal systems and may even access them with administrator permissions. This article demonstrates how a feature vector can be obtained from the assembly code of a Windows binary and how a a Graph Neural Network can be used to determine, with ninety percent accuracy, whether it is an infostealer.

Este artículo analiza la función de la imaginación moral en la enunciación de problemas morales que permitan el reconocimiento de la alteridad. El elemento transversal es la necesidad de promover la actitud fenomenológica de examinar las verdades sobre las que se erige la vida cotidiana para evitar la repetición de las violencias implícitas de lo aparentemente sobreentendido. La tesis central sostiene que la educación de la sensibilidad imaginativa establece las condiciones necesarias para permitir el florecimiento [eudaimonía] de la vida del otro y en ello hay una apuesta por una ética de la otredad. El texto se estructura en tres apartados: I. La violencia subyacente en la normalidad, II. La actitud fenomenológica como acontecimiento de alteridad y III. La sensibilidad imaginativa como pauta ética.

Resumen: En este artículo se propone una metodología para los estudios jurídicos basada en lo que se ha venido a llamar hermenéutica de lo no-dicho. A partir del pensamiento de Michel Foucault y Giorgio Agamben en torno a la arqueología y la genealogía, se plantea cómo enfocar el estudio del derecho en lo no-dicho como aquel saber sometido y no tematizado. Se trata de acudir a la intersección de saberes eruditos y saberes descalificados por la jerarquía epistémica con la intención no tanto de explicar como de implicar. Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology for legal studies based on what has been called the hermeneutics of the not-said. Based on the thoughts of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben on archeology and genealogy, this research approaches the study of law on what is not-said as subject and non-thematized knowledge. In brief, it is an attempt to consider the intersection between erudite and disqualified knowledge, in order to imply the crossroad rather than explain it.

Resumen Este trabajo problematiza la discusión biopolítica en el marco de la filosofía política contemporánea: Arendt, Foucault, Agamben, Esposito y Derrida. Los dos primeros, porque al entrecruzarlos nos ponen en el “umbral” o “nacimiento de la biopolítica”, los dos siguientes, porque aportan las dimensiones negativa y afirmativa de la misma. Mientras que el último señala el carácter de indecidibilidad del campo explorado. El itinerario que seguiré consiste, primero, en exponer cómo se sitúa argumentativamente cada uno de los autores citados en torno a la expresión: “el hombre es un animal político”. En segundo lugar, planteo la importancia de ir más allá de una biopolítica afirmativa y negativa. En tercer lugar, establezco las diferencias entre, por una parte, los italianos en su enfoque ontologizador y simplificador de la biopolítica y, por otra, Arendt y Foucault en tanto acontecimiento histórico singular. En cuarto lugar, expongo en “políticas de la amistad” las alternativas planteadas por estos autores en torno al problema de administración de la vida o biopolítica. Finalmente, y en quinto lugar, esbozo una lectura de biopolítica como phármakon.Palabras clave: biopolítica; umbral; phármakon; indecidibilidad.

A new political technology emerged at the heart of Modernity, a machine called bio-power. In fact, preserving living beings is to be ensured by power. This essay aims to describe the main features of this technology of power, beginning with an initial sketch on Michel Foucault's method—a nominalist one—, followed by an examination of three perspectives on power and, finally, showing how something like an explosion and a quick development of several technologies subjugating bodies and controlling population were imposed during the classical period

To assess—from a qualitative perspective—the perceptions and attitudes of Spanish rehabilitation professionals (e.g. rehabilitation doctors, speech therapists, physical therapists) about Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was carried out by means of interviews and analysis of textual content with mixed generation of categories and segmentation into frequency of topics. We present the results of three in-depth interviews that were conducted with Spanish speaking individuals who had previously completed a survey as part of a larger, 3-country/language, survey on BCI perceptions. 11 out of 15 of these Spanish respondents (survey) either strongly or somewhat accept the use of BCI in rehabilitation therapy. However, the results of our three in-depth interviews show how, due to a strong inertia of attitudes and perceptions about BCI technology, most professionals feel reluctant to use BCI technology in their daily practice (interview).

La anomalía de la uniformidad plantea la forma como el poder que constituyen el saber y las prácticas sociales dan lugar a una serie de formas de vida habituales que, de ser violadas o transgredidas, dan paso a diversas formas de la monstruosidad. El monstruo es, más que una entidad, un operador conceptual que pone en evidencia las categorías, los cánones y formas habituales de la vida que una sociedad exige, forma, interioriza y difunde entre sus individuos a través de sus visiones del mundo. A partir del siglo XVIII estos hechos dieron paso a una gran preocupación por lo anormal expresada en diversos estudios de la biología, la psiquiatría, la medicina y la política. Este artículo sugiere cómo las concepciones desarrolladas por Michel Foucault acerca del poder, la dominación y la criminalidad explican cómo se construyeron nuestras concepciones de la monstruosidad y la anormalidad. En un desarrollo futuro la presente investigación se pondrá en relación con algunas de las principales novelas góticas.

Although in theory social justice is considered as a core dimension of agroecological transitions, alternative food initiatives related to agroecology have been criticised for their exclusionary practices based on important social and economic biases. In this article, we adopt the lens of political intersectionality to study two cases of Agroecology-oriented Food Redistribution Coalitions in Spain that emerged to address the rising levels of food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the coalitions represent a convergence of diverse social struggles, placing intersectionally marginalized groups at the centre of their activism. However, we also uncover that coalition members participate in different ways depending on their socioeconomic profiles, which could perpetuate inequalities in organizational practices. One major point of tension is the need to balance the goal of providing access to healthy and sustainable food with the affordability of such produce. This leads to the adoption of hybrid food networks that include conventionally produced food. We also highlight that while the predominance of women in these coalitions reflects the unequal distribution of food-related care work in society, the collectivization of such work through AFRCs practices points to a transformation of gender relations. Territorialized alliances between actors from urban and rural settings and between urban centers and peripheries are established through the coalitions. However, such networks fall short on involving large numbers of agroecology-oriented initiatives and providing direct encounters between consumers and producers. Overall, the article underscores the importance of addressing intersecting inequalities within alternative food initiatives and argues that intersectional coalitions offer an intriguing example of how to promote such understanding and pave the way towards (more) just agroecological transitions.

Este trabajo analiza la intersección entre derecho y medicina que se produce en los dispositivos de normalización ante la transexualidad. Para ello, se realiza un análisis del discurso jurisprudencial y de la Ley 3/2007. A partir de este estudio, creemos que el Manual de Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales (DSM), empleado por la medicina y asumido por el derecho como requisito patologizador para el cambio registral del sexo, posee fuerza de ley, cumpliendo las funciones de los antiguos bestiarios e inmunizando el binarismo sexual.

El presente artículo completa la tesis de Arendt-Agamben sobre los refugiados como límites a los derechos humanos. Si este límite se basa en la relación exterior de la nuda vida del refugiado con un Estado, aquí se propone la relación interior de la nuda vida intersexual con un cuerpo mutilado por la biomedicina. Al igual que la persona refugiada, la intersexual pone en cuestión los derechos y el derecho. Se plantean los conceptos cuerpo viviente, precariedad, precaridad y vulnerabilidad como base de una ética del cuidado que produzca otro derecho.