David Garcia

This chapter encompasses a discussion about the understanding of reproduction in the theory of autonomy, emphasizing the need to expand traditional theories of autonomous self-reproduction to account for interorganismal and ecological interactions. Drawing from recent contributions in the philosophy of biology, the chapter examines some of the limitations of self-reproduction as an endogenous process derived from self-production, highlighting cases such as sexual reproduction or symbiotic dependencies that illustrate the relational and interactive nature of reproduction. I then argue for an extended framework that integrates relational dependencies and distributed organizational processes.

During the last 20 years, Spanish governments have been accommodated to a “declining mode” for a recognised middle power. Despite this future, Spain has strong links to Europe in geography, culture, interests and necessity. Not only the capabilities recovery after the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic is vital for Spain, but also his reputation as a reliable partner and capable middle power with interests worldwide, with intrinsically imbibed resources such as culture, language, population preparation and still notable international capacities. However, his reputation is always tainted by the Black Legend postulated around Europe, other Western countries and even globally. Correctly understanding the country’s reputational and narrative situation and any analysis of Spain’s views, expectations, and support for the European project and security will be useless and biased.

Spain has been losing during last two decades his position in the EU, NATO and the Mediterranean to buck passing to allies of these organisations. Moreover, these organisations only sometimes fulfil some vital security interests of Spain. Indeed, the alliance with the United States is a critical factor to compensate for this problem. The US-Spanish agreement’s rason-d’etre and the utility for both sides lay in for Spain, enhancing its general security position and increasing security and defence alternatives, and for the United States, a secure ally and key operational site. However, discontinuity in Spanish behaviour and changes in U.S. strategic priorities have affected this situation.

This book analyzes the limitations in the Europeanization of Spanish security and defense policy. For various reasons, Spain has maintained an amalgamated security system based on agreements with NATO, the EU and the US. This combination has produced a dysfunctional system, as it is not truly able to address some of the country’s vital security interests, above all in North Africa and the Mediterranean. At the same time, due mainly to domestic reasons, various Spanish governments have been reluctant to pursue autonomy in the country’s security policy and defense capabilities. Written by a team of scholars and practitioners, this book offers policymakers and professionals both a general overview of and deeper insights into the issue. Due to the lack of comprehensive studies on Spanish security and defense policy and its ties to Europe, this book will be of particular interest.

This chapter addresses the constitutionalization of biolaw in Colombia. The subject will be treated as follows. The second section will refer to the constitutionalization of law in general, its elements and the idea of constitutional supremacy attached to it. For its part, the third section will address the conceptualization of biolaw as a legal discipline. The relationship between biolaw and the constitutionalization of law, especially in the Colombian Constitutional Court ’s case law, will be developed in the fourth section. The main conclusion is that biolaw, as a legal discipline in Colombia, has not made great progress at the legislative level but rather in the Constitutional Court through the emergence of some jurisprudence based upon international comparative law. This, according to the authors, has brought relevant benefits for Colombia in the protection of so-called fourth generation human rights or biorights.

Este artículo presenta dos objetivos principales, ambos relacionados con los planteamientos de la corriente transhumanista. El primero consiste en realizar una aproximación al aspecto tecnológico del transhumanismo, en concreto a su estado actual en cuanto a los avances en el ámbito de la ingeniería cibernética. Tras una introducción al concepto de transhumanismo, se expondrán algunos proyectos actuales que buscan desde la reparación de daños hasta el mejoramiento humano. Como ejemplo de la implementación de la tecnología con el objetivo de amplificar los sentidos, se presenta el concepto de cíborg. El segundo objetivo se centrará en presentar las cuestiones de carácter bioético que los avances en ingeniería cibernética plantean y que irán surgiendo a lo largo del artículo con el fin de ver cómo estos avances realmente pueden ponerse al servicio de la naturaleza humana y de su desarrollo integral.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pre-existing migraine in patients hospitalised and who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the presence of post-coronavirus disease symptoms.BackgroundNo study has investigated the role of migraine as a risk factor for development of post-COVID symptoms.MethodsA case-control study including individuals hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic was conducted. Patients with confirmed previous diagnosis of migraine were considered cases. Two age- and sex-matched individuals without a history of headache per case were also recruited as controls. Hospitalisation/clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview. A list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were invited to freely report any symptom. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed.ResultsOverall, 57 patients with confirmed diagnosis of migraine and 144 non-migraine controls who had recovered from COVID-19 were assessed at 7.3 months after hospital discharge. The number of post-COVID symptoms in the migraine group was significantly greater than in the non-migraine group. Fatigue was significantly more prevalent in the migraine group. However, no between-groups difference in the prevalence of headache as a post-COVID symptom was detected.ConclusionPatients with a history of migraine who recovered from COVID-19 exhibited more long-term fatigue as post-COVID sequelae than those without migraine. Some of the pathophysiological changes associated with migraine could predispose to the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms.

Clinical practices are considered one of the cornerstones in nurses' education. This study provides a framework to determine how factors in the academic environment, influence nursing student's satisfaction with their practices. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in a convenience sample of 574 nursing students at a private university in Valencia, during the 2016/2017 academic year, 79% were women. Two statistical methodologies were used for data analysis: hierarchical regression models and fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis. The HRM indicate that the students' mean score influences all dimensions of satisfaction. Furthermore, in the fsQCA, the type of service and center, as well as the type of management, the preference in the choice of the practice center and the number of students per period per clinical educator influence satisfaction with clinical practices. These results could be used to understand how academic factors influence nursing students' satisfaction with their clinical practices and to create intervention programmes that improve it. This will help prepare students to be the future nursing workforce.