David Martin

Among pioneers of Latin American socialism, Juan Bosch (1909–2001) stands out. As a founder of Dominican democracy, a prominent member of the Caribbean Democratic Left and a prolific and internationally recognised writer and intellectual, Bosch devised theoretical solutions to the social and political problems of his time that continue to resonate in the Dominican Republic. This essay analyses the development of his political thought with particular attention to his ideas on democracy, dictatorship and imperialism. It places these ideas in the context of the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo (1891–1961), the authoritarian government of Joaquín Balaguer (1906–2002), the imperial influence of the United States and the development of the Dominican democratic party system. Nuancing conventional visions of Bosch as a die-hard democrat, the text explores how his thought on democracy evolved in the context of the Latin American anti-dictatorial struggle of the 1950s, the 1963 coup d’état that evicted him from power, the United States’ 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic, his discovery of Marxism-Leninism, global movements for national liberation and the maturing of Dominican democracy in the 1980s and 1990s. In the process, the article provides one of the very first English-language analyses of Bosch’s political theoretical development in intellectual and historical context.

Truth is the degree of accuracy when representing reality. We postulate three cognitive stages: the psychon, produced by perception; the construct, produced by intellection; and the speech act, produced by communication. Truth lies in the second; only constructs are alethic. Truth is a quality which takes place in degrees. Certainty is the unreachable perfect tip of this gradation, so it is an ideal concept. A thesis is deemed true if its alethical degree is acceptably efficacious, otherwise the thesis is deemed false. Put in other words, we deem true any thesis not having enough fails to deem it false.

En este artículo critico una dicotomía con la que se zanjan muchos debates sobre la libertad de expresión y de estrategia político-cultural: reclamando la necesidad de “más expresión” porque su única alternativa es la censura. Propongo que tras este argumento se encuentra la intuición de que para contrarrestar la dominación hay que garantizar que se pueda “salir” de ella. Una razón del éxito de esta intuición en los ámbitos de la libertad de expresión y la cultura es que la mejora tecnológica en las comunicaciones respalda un presupuesto de superabundancia que ignora la economía política de la esfera pública. Concluyo indicando por qué los proyectos contrahegemónicos o contraculturales deberían cuidarse de no reproducir acríticamente esta perspectiva.

Varios autores han realizado análisis sobre la relación entre la religión y la tecnología concluyendo diferentes interpretaciones, sin embargo el movimiento utópico transhumanista se presenta como un potencial desarrollo de nuestra empresa tecnocientífica que podría suponer una “superación” de la religión. En cambio atendiendo a la crítica que realizaron algunos pensadores al respecto, es posible observar una continuidad del proyecto transhumanista con ciertas corrientes herméticas y milenaristas. Para observar este fenómeno se investigan algunas de sus propuestas actuales y su posición general sobre el fenómeno religioso, así como la opinión de la religión contemporánea (principalmente desde el cristianismo occidental) al respecto del transhumanismo. El artículo concluye con un intento de aportar consideraciones alternativas al respecto de la relación entre la religión y el desarrollo tecnológico.

Over the last few years, a new methodology to address the P versus NP problem has been developed, based on searching for borderlines between the nonefficiency of computing models and the presumed efficiency. These borderlines can be seen as frontiers of efficiency, which are crucial in this methodology. “Translating,” in some sense, an efficient solution in a presumably efficient model to an efficient solution in a nonefficient model would give an affirmative answer to problem P versus NP. In the framework of Membrane Computing, the key of this approach is to detect the syntactic or semantic ingredients that are needed to pass from a nonefficient class of membrane systems to a presumably efficient one. This paper deals with tissue P systems with communication rules of type symport/antiport allowing the evolution of the objects triggering the rules. In previous works, frontiers of efficiency were found in these kinds of membrane systems both with division rules and with separation rules. However, since they were not optimal, it is interesting to refine these frontiers. In this work, optimal frontiers of the efficiency are obtained in terms of the total number of objects involved in the communication rules used for that kind of membrane systems. These optimizations could be easier to translate, if possible, to efficient solutions in a nonefficient model.

The development of information and communication technologies offers innovative opportunities to establish business strategies focused on customer value co-creation. This situation is especially notable in the banking industry. e-Banking activities can support competitive advantages. However, the adoption of e-banking is not yet well-established among consumers. In this sense, the technology acceptance model is considered essential in studying consumer behavior applied to adopt a particular technology. According to the TAM model, this study analyses the factors which influence bank customers to adopt e-banking to facilitate their banking services and support the process of value co-creation. Consequently, the authors examine five main aspects of the technology adoption model to provide a broad understanding of bank customers’ consumption of e-banking. A partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis is conducted to evaluate proposed relationships between factors and customers’ e-banking adoption.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the way in which art can disrupt the subject’s everyday experience of the world and self. The proposal starts from the hypothesis that art offers experiences of embodied disrupted reality, and this statement is based on the parallelism between certain artistic experiences and certain psychological conditions that are known as dissociative disorders, which challenge the subject’s sense of reality and self, and lead the subject to experience some level of detachment and a sense of loss of familiarity with respect to the world and the self. These aspects are also particularly felt in immersive environments. Immersive technologies offer an important laboratory for perception and sensoriality, taking into consideration the embodied basis and the first-person perspective of the user-experimenter. In this context, art offers a series of strategies that allow the user to undergo a shift in experience, affecting the sense of embodiment and reality. To explore these notions, I refer to some phenomenological implications of the experience of dissociative disorders and the interrelation between art, technology, and dissociative disorders. Finally, I offer an analysis of three artistic interdisciplinary projects, taking into account the particular ways of embodiment and sense of reality they trigger in the user. Based on the parallelism between art and dissociative disorders and its dialogue with immersive technologies, this article aims to contribute to a phenomenology of embodied disrupted reality from art.