Enrique Ortega Rodriguez

This article offers the results of emergy analysis used to evaluate four different soybean production systems in Brazil that were divided into two main categories: biological models (organic and ecological farms) and industrial models (green-revolution chemical farms and herbicide with no-tillage farms). The biological models show better environmental, economical, and social performance indicators; however, at the national level, discussion of transgenic soybean seed release considers only industrial models without any mention of biological models. Classic emergy analysis shows biological options are the better alternatives but does not explain why decisions taken by farmers and government in Brazil were in opposition to these options. New research is proposed to identify and quantify the external forces that strongly interfere in the definition of public policy for soybean production. New parameters are proposed to enrich emergy methodology: Renewability of each input was considered in emergy calculations and negative externalities were included as additional services.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento psicológico en equipos de fútbol femenino respecto a las características psicológicas relevantes para el rendimiento deportivo. Las participantes fueron 48 jugadoras de futbol de 3 equipos de Segunda División Nacional, con una media de edad de 21.15±3.89 y una media de años de experiencia de 12.48±4.12. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo, tomando medidas pre-post intervención. Se agrupó a las participantes en Grupo Control, Grupo Experimental 1 y Grupo Experimental 2. El programa de entrenamiento psicológico fue de 10 sesiones. Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos GC y GE1 en ninguna de las escalas del CPRD. El GE2 presenta diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las escalas Influencia de la Evaluación del Rendimiento y tendencia a la significación en Control de Estrés del CPRD. Se concluye que las futbolistas que recibieron el programa de intervención psicológica mejoraron significativamente sus recursos para gestionar mejor la evaluación que se hace de su rendimiento.

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it’s multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of Return to Play with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan’s iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes’ incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success.