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170From trust to trustworthiness: Why information is not enough in the food sectorJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19 (5): 427-442. 2006.The many well-publicized food scandals in recent years have resulted in a general state of vulnerable trust. As a result, building consumer trust has become an important goal in agri-food policy. In their efforts to protect trust in the agricultural and food sector, governments and industries have tended to consider the problem of trust as merely a matter of informing consumers on risks. In this article, we argue that the food sector better addresses the problem of trust from the perspective of …Read more
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38From the guest editors food ethics and consumer concernsJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 12 (2): 111-112. 2000.
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38Brave New Birds: The Use of 'Animal Integrity' in Animal EthicsHastings Center Report 32 (1): 16-22. 2002.Suppose “chicken” eggs could be produced by quasi‐chickens—genetically engineered humps of living chicken‐flesh that do nothing but lay eggs. Would there be anything amiss with that? Animal ethicists invoke the notion of animal integrity in order to give intellectual content to the intuition that there would be. On inspection, ‘integrity’ isn't everything its proponents want it to be. Yet there's enough in it to make reasoned argument possible.
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16Food, Consumer Concerns, and Trust: Food Ethics for a Globalizing MarketJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 12 (2): 127-139. 2000.The use of biotechnology in food productiongives rise to consumer concerns. The term ``consumerconcern'' is often used as a container notion. Itincludes concerns about food safety, environmental andanimal welfare consequences of food productionsystems, and intrinsic moral objections againstgenetic modification. In order to create clarity adistinction between three different kinds of consumerconcern is proposed. Consumer concerns can be seen assigns of loss of trust. Maintaining consumer trustask…Read more
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42A plea to implement robustness into a breeding goal: poultry as an exampleJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 21 (2): 109-125. 2008.The combination of breeding for increased production and the intensification of housing conditions have resulted in increased occurrence of behavioral, physiological, and immunological disorders. These disorders affect health and welfare of production animals negatively. For future livestock systems, it is important to consider how to manage and breed production animals. In this paper, we will focus on selective breeding of laying hens. Selective breeding should not only be defined in terms of p…Read more
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Wiens redenen, welk publiek?: Publieke rechtvaardiging met behulp van identiteitsvormende redenenAlgemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 97 (4): 287-291. 2005.
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38Fundamental Moral Attitudes to Animals and Their Role in Judgment: An Empirical Model to Describe Fundamental Moral Attitudes to Animals and Their Role in Judgment on the Culling of Healthy Animals During an Animal Disease EpidemicJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 22 (4): 341-359. 2009.In this paper, we present and defend the theoretical framework of an empirical model to describe people’s fundamental moral attitudes (FMAs) to animals, the stratification of FMAs in society and the role of FMAs in judgment on the culling of healthy animals in an animal disease epidemic. We used philosophical animal ethics theories to understand the moral basis of FMA convictions. Moreover, these theories provide us with a moral language for communication between animal ethics, FMAs, and public …Read more
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12An Ethical Toolkit for Food Companies: Reflections on its UseJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 20 (1): 99-118. 2007.Nowadays many debates are going on that relate to the agricultural and food sector. It looks as if present technological and organizational developments within the agricultural and food sector are badly geared to societal needs and expectations. In this article we briefly present a toolkit for moral communication within the food chain. This toolkit is developed as part of a European research project. Next, we discuss what such a toolkit can bring about, given the characteristics of the present d…Read more
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39Beyond the Prevention of Harm: Animal Disease Policy as a Moral QuestionJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 22 (6): 559-571. 2009.European animal disease policy seems to find its justification in a “harm to other” principle. Limiting the freedom of animal keepers—e.g., by culling their animals—is justified by the aim to prevent harm, i.e., the spreading of the disease. The picture, however, is more complicated. Both during the control of outbreaks and in the prevention of notifiable, animal diseases the government is confronted with conflicting claims of stakeholders who anticipate running a risk to be harmed by each other…Read more
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49The good life of creatures with dignity some comments on the swiss expert opinionJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 13 (1): 53-63. 2000.The notion of Dignity of Creatures has been voted into the Swiss Federal Constitution by a plebiscite. Philipp Balzer, Klaus-Peter Rippe, and Peter Schaber have given an expert opinion for the Swiss government to clarify the notion of Dignity of Creatures. According to them, by voting this notion into the Swiss constitution, the Swiss have chosen for a limited biocentric approach towards biotechnology. In such an approach genetic engineering of non-human beings is only allowed insofar that their…Read more
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25Not all animals are equal differences in moral foundations for the dutch veterinary policy on livestock and animals in nature reservationsJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 17 (6): 497-515. 2004.The Netherlands is a small country with many people and much livestock. As a result, animals in nature reservations are often living near cattle farms. Therefore, people from the agricultural practices are afraid that wild animals will infect domestic livestock with diseases like Swine Fever and Foot and Mouth Disease. To protect agriculture (considered as an important economic practice), very strict regulations have been made for minimizing this risk. In this way, the practice of animal farming…Read more
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93Food, consumer concerns, and trust: Food ethics for a globalizing market (review)Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 12 (2): 127-139. 2000.The use of biotechnology in food productiongives rise to consumer concerns. The term ``consumerconcern'' is often used as a container notion. Itincludes concerns about food safety, environmental andanimal welfare consequences of food productionsystems, and intrinsic moral objections againstgenetic modification. In order to create clarity adistinction between three different kinds of consumerconcern is proposed. Consumer concerns can be seen assigns of loss of trust. Maintaining consumer trustask…Read more
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44Legislation on ethical issues: Towards an interactive paradigm (review)Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 3 (1): 57-75. 2000.In this article, we sketch a new approach to law and ethics. The traditional paradigm, exemplified in the debate on liberal moralism, becomes increasingly inadequate. Its basic assumptions are that there are clear moral norms of positive or critical morality, and that making statutory norms is an effective method to have citizens conform to those norms. However, for many ethical issues that are on the legislative agenda, e.g. with respect to bioethics and anti-discrimination law, the moral norms…Read more
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40The quiet before the storm: anticipating developments in synthetic biologyPoiesis and Praxis 7 (3): 151-168. 2010.Synthetic biology aims at designing biological systems, at building ‘living machines’. The emergence of synthetic biology has reignited the cycle of public debate. The old biotechnology debate is being reiterated and the controversies are deepened. The societal debate follows the technological hype cycle. A new technology with a high visibility and high expectations also raises high controversies. For synthetic biology, this hype is currently near its peak and the first signs of disillusionment …Read more
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8WTO, public reason and food public reasoning in the 'trade conflict' on GM-FoodEthical Theory and Moral Practice 7 (4): 417-431. 2004.Food trade is of economic importance for both developed and developing countries. Food, however, is a special commodity. Firstly, the lack of food -- hunger, under-nourishment, and starvation -- is one of the world's pressing moral problems. But food is not only special because it is necessary for our survival; food is also special because it is strongly related to our social and cultural identity. Two recent transatlantic trade conflicts over food -- over the use of artificial growth hormones i…Read more
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85Ethical tools to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologiesJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 20 (1): 3-12. 2007.This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification and other modern biotechnologies in agricultur…Read more