Gabriel Gustavo Núñez Pérez

This article offers an ontological critique from the perspective of dialectical materialism regarding the Spanish “Trans Law” and the subsequent reply by Daniel Alarcón Díaz. The author shares Alarcón's correct rejection of the law's subjective idealism, but denounces that his counterproposal falls into mechanical materialism or vulgar biologism. By mechanically reducing gender to biological sex, Alarcón naturalises socio-historical categories and falls into ideological univocism. Drawing on Marx and Engels, the text argues that sex is the necessary, but not sufficient, material base of gender relations, with the latter understood as a normative and historical superstructure. Furthermore, it reconceptualises gender dysphoria not as a simple voluntarist fiction or a mental pathology, but as an objective material contradiction between multiple divergent biological determinations and coercive social norms. It concludes that only a truly dialectical approach allows effectively addressing this complexity, successfully overcoming absolute biological determinism.

La obra de Bedford y Workman representa un esfuerzo conceptual y sistemático cuyo objeto es la reconstrucción de la filosofía de la ciencia que se halla implícita en los escritos de Marx y Engels, ofreciendo una interpretación que busca superar tanto las distorsiones de tipo positivista como las críticas posmodernas que han marcado la recepción del marxismo en el siglo XX tanto en general como en concreto en el campo de la Filosofía de la Ciencia. Así, desde una perspectiva que los autores denominan “savvy realism” (realismo sagaz o astuto), el libro articula una defensa de la concepción dialéctico materialista de la ciencia, cuya relevancia para el debate contemporáneo merece ser examinada críticamente.

This paper aims to examine the main interpretations of quantum mechanics from a philosophical perspective. To this end, I will focus on the tensions between materialism and idealism, which I will address from a critical-dialectical perspective. This will demonstrate that these interpretations are not merely "neutral" or "impartial" mathematical formalizations in the philosophical realm, but rather approaches that embrace ontological and epistemological positions on one side or the other. To this end, I will compare the Copenhagen interpretation, the Bohmian one, and the many-worlds one, assessing the extent to which each expresses idealist or materialist judgments and axioms. This analysis reveals a series of limitations pertaining to classical materialism (of a mechanistic nature) and quantum idealism (of an operational or subjectivist nature). In response, I propose a superior synthesis based on materialist dialectics (Diamat). This "Quantum Dialectical Interpretation" (QDI) will assume contradiction, non-locality, and indeterminacy as objective, real properties of matter in motion, rejecting both the need for hidden variables and the reduction of reality to the act of observation-measurement.