George Lucas

Richard Dien Winfield’s most recent work, Reason and Justice, is truly remarkable in its scope, ambition, and thoroughness. In the course of his investigation, Winfield offers challenging evaluations of the political and social thought of a number of contemporary thinkers, including Rawls, MacIntyre, Dworkin, Nozick, Habermas, Apel, Gadamer, Strauss, and Arendt. Simultaneously, he engages in a historical dialogue with the classical political and economic theories of Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Adam Smith, Marx, and most of all, Hegel, in order to forge his own system of justice.

Christensen, a founding member and the first president of the Hegel Society of America, offers a substantial analysis and critique of the two most formidable metaphysical thinkers in the late modern period. The task is enormous, and is divided by the author into two subvolumes: a “somewhat Whiteheadian perspective” on Hegel’s understanding of “the concrete,” and a “somewhat Hegelian perspective” on Whitehead’s search for concreteness. The adjective “somewhat” apparently signals that the author wishes not merely to expound on each of these two philosophers, but to read them in a critical, independent fashion in the larger task of constructing his own systematic metaphysical position, revolving around the notions of concreteness, “self-evidence,” and “critical method” in philosophy.

Cyberconflict confronts nations with attacks on military, industrial, and civilian infrastructure and objects that violate conventional norms of war. This conflict represents both criminal theft and vandalism, coupled with sophisticated espionage and intelligence operations, neither category of which has heretofore been considered as the kind of use of force and “armed conflict” that is governed by existing legal and moral regimes. As a result, cyberconflict has been portrayed as a kind of war without rules, and as a form of warfare that obviates existing norms and calls for an entirely new legal regime. Recognizing these challenges, This chapter argues that (1) there are a set of norms governing cyberconflict practices presently emerging from the engagement in these practices by adversaries; and (2) that the emergent norms closely resemble the considerations of conventional armed conflict, sufficiently so as to permit a reasonable extrapolation of current norms to the new cyberdomain.

The essays in this volume deal primarily with moral, legal, and policy issues arising from the use of remotely-piloted drones (RPVs). This essay, by contrast, raises and discusses questions concerning the additional, distinctive challenges or liabilities to be confronted, primarily in engineering and industry, from what is termed elsewhere in this volume “the relentless drive toward autonomy.” This includes principally the demand to exercise “due care” (in analogy with domestic forms of liability law) to ensure that autonomous robotic systems are “safe and reliable,” and can be shown to comply as well as humans, or even more effectively, with the applicable international law of armed conflict.

This volume contains twelve papers and selected replies originally delivered at the Tenth Biennial Meeting of the Hegel Society of America, held at Loyola University of Chicago, October 7-9, 1988. The choice to focus that meeting on interpretations of Hegel’s logic presented the contributors to this volume with a formidable challenge. It is one thing to find new ways to interpret Hegel’s thought in the light of contemporary or perennial philosophical problems, or in comparison with the work of other major philosophers. Such themes seem to offer almost limitless and inexhaustible possibilities. Attempting, by contrast, to say something original and important about the Logic constitutes a labor of Sisyphus, in light of the extensive exegesis and interpretation of these texts already undertaken by virtually all of the outstanding Hegel scholars during the past century and a half.

Recent interest in the “continental” dimensions of Whitehead’s philosophy in Europe has prompted a number of international conferences there devoted to his thought. At the first of these, in Bonn in 1981, the participants agreed that some form of “scholarly exchange” between Hegelkenners and Whiteheadians would be extremely timely and beneficial. However, such an exchange, they argued, ought not to occur in Europe, owing to the present somewhat anomalous status of Hegel scholarship in Europe, as well as to the dominant role that Hegel’s thought already plays in contemporary European philosophy generally.

This book examines the importance of 'military ethics' in the formulation and conduct of contemporary military strategy. Clausewitz's original analysis of war relegated ethics to the side-lines in favour of political realism, interpreting the proper use of military power solely to further the political goals of the state, whatever those may be. This book demonstrates how such single-minded focus no longer suffices to secure the interest of states, for whom the nature of warfare has evolved to favour strategies that hold combatants themselves to the highest moral and professional standards in their conduct of hostilities. Waging war has thus been transformed in a manner that moves beyond Clausewitz's original conception, rendering political success wholly dependent upon the cultivation and exercise of discerning moral judgment by strategists and combatants in the field. This book utilises a number of perspectives and case studies to demonstrate how ethics now plays a central role in strategy in modern armed conflict. This book will be of much interest to students of just war, ethics, military strategy, and international relations. in strategy in modern armed conflict. This book will be of much interest to students of just war, ethics, military strategy, and international relations.

What significance does "ethics" have for the men and women serving in the military forces of nations around the world? What core values and moral principles collectively guide the members of this "military profession?" This book explains these essential moral foundations, along with "just war theory," international relations, and international law. The ethical foundations that define the "Profession of Arms" have developed over millennia from the shared moral values, unique role responsibilities, and occasional reflection by individual members the profession on their own practices - eventually coming to serve as the basis for the "Law of Armed Conflict" itself.This book focuses upon the ordinary men and women around the world who wear a military uniform and are committed to the defense of their countries and their fellow citizens. It is about what they do, how they do it, what they think about it, how they behave when carrying out their activities, and how they are expected to behave, both on and off the battlefield - and what everyone needs to know about this. The book also examines how military personnel are treated and regarded by those whom they have sworn to defend and protect, as well as how they treat and regard one another within their respective services and organizational settings. Finally, the book discusses the transformations in military professionalism occasioned by new developments in armed conflict, ranging counterinsurgency warfare and humanitarian military intervention, to cyber conflict, military robotics, and private military contracting. From China to Russia, author George Lucas effectively sheds light on today's military ethics in existence throughout the world. What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.

The Routledge Handbook of Military Ethics is a comprehensive reference work that addresses concerns held in common by the military services of many nations. It attempts to discern both moral dilemmas and clusters of moral principles held in common by all practitioners of this profession, regardless of nation or culture. Comprising essays by contributors drawn from the four service branches as well as civilian academics specializing in this field, this handbook discusses the relationship of ethics in the military setting to applied and professional ethics generally. Leading scholars and senior military practitioners from countries including the US, UK, France, China, Australia and Japan, discuss various national cultural views of the moral dimensions of military service. With reference to the responsibilities of professional orientation and education, as well as the challenges posed by recent technological developments, this handbook examines the difficulties underpinning the fundamental framework of military service. This book will be of much interest to students of military studies, war theory, ethics philosophy, sociology, war and conflict studies, and security studies.