George Simons

This chapter explores the conceptual landscape of the most important, current critique of panpsychism—the combination problem. He sets out from the ‘locus classicus’: William James’s presentation of the combination problem in his 1890 _The Principles of Psychology_. He discerns three ways of formulating the problem, which evolve around three distinct characteristics of phenomenal states: the subject combination problem, the quality combination problem, and the structural combination problem. Chalmers then turns to seven subversions of these three versions. The first four are connected to the subject combination problem. Subversion five and six are connected to the quality combination problem. And the final explication is connected to the structural combination problem. The chapter closes by presenting various solutions and answers to these explications of the combination problem.