• Aristotle and the Later Tradition: Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 1991 (edited book)
    with Henry Blumenthal
    Oxford University Press UK. 1991.
    This volume contains papers by a group of leading experts on Aristotle and the later Aristotelian tradition of Neoplatonism. The discussion ranges from Aristotle's treatment of Parmenides, the most important pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, to Neoplatonic and medieval use of Aristotle, for which Aristotle himself set guidelines in his discussions of his predecessors. Traces of these guidelines can be seen in the work of Plotinus, and that of the later Greek commentators on Aristotle. The study of…Read more
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    Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues (edited book)
    Oxford University Press. 2009.
    Berkeley's idealism started a revolution in philosophy. As one of the great empiricist thinkers he not only influenced British philosophers from Hume to Russell and the logical positivists in the twentieth century, he also set the scene for the continental idealism of Hegel and even the philosophy of Marx. This edition of Berkeley's two key works has an introduction which examines and in part defends his arguments for idealism, as well as offering a detailed analytical contents list, extensive p…Read more
  • The ontology of the mental
    In Michael J. Loux & Dean W. Zimmerman (eds.), The Oxford handbook of metaphysics, Oxford University Press. 2003.
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    Berkeley
    In Nicholas Bunnin & E. P. Tsui‐James (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy, Blackwell. 2002.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: Berkeley, Common Sense and the ‘New Philosophy’ Abstract Ideas, Relative Ideas and Immaterialism Qualities, Ideas and Sensations Conceivability, Perceivability and Intrinsic Properties From Phenomenalism to Theism.
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    Dualism
    In Stephen P. Stich & Ted A. Warfield (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell. 2003.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Argument for Predicate Dualism Why Predicate Dualism leads to Dualism Proper Is the Talk of “Perspectives” Legitimate? A Surprising Ally The Optionality of Non‐basic Levels and the Unavoidability of Psychology Why Bundle Dualism Will Not Do Two Reflections on this Conclusion An Objection Conclusion.
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    Vision: Variations on Some Berkeleian Themes
    with Robert Schwartz
    Philosophical Review 105 (1): 97. 1996.
    Vision consists of four essays: “Seeing distance,” “Size,” “Perceptual inference,” and “A Gibsonian alternative?” The continuous thread is the Berkeleian treatment of the perception of spatial properties, particularly in connection with what is and is not “immediately perceived.” The first two essays are closely connected with specific Berkeleian arguments and modern responses to them. The second two essays deal more generally with modern discussions by psychologists of whether visual perception…Read more
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    V-Vagueness, Realism, Language and Thought
    Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 109 (1pt1): 83-101. 2009.
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    Vagueness, realism, language and thought
    Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 109 (1pt1): 83-101. 2009.
    The problem of vagueness and the sorites paradox arise because we try to treat natural language as if it were a unitary formal system. In fact, natural language contains a large variety of representational ontologies that serve different purposes and which cannot be united formally, but which can intuitively be taken as ways of seeing a common basic ontology. Using this framework, we can save classical logic from vagueness and avoid the sorites.
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    Un dilemme pour le physicalisme
    Hermes 3 128. 1988.
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    The Revival of Substance Dualism
    Roczniki Filozoficzne 69 (1): 33-43. 2021.
    I argue in this essay that Richard Swinburne’s revised version of Descartes’ argument in chapter 5 of his Are We Bodies or Souls? does not quite get him to the conclusion that he requires, but that a modified version of his treatment of personal identity will do the trick. I will also look critically at his argument against epiphenomenalism, where, once again, I share his conclusion but have reservations about the argument.
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    The Primacy of the Subjective (review)
    International Philosophical Quarterly 46 (3): 384-387. 2006.
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    The Geological Ages
    with D. L. Linton and F. Moseley
    Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (3): 674. 1969.
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    Semantic direct realism
    American Philosophical Quarterly 57 (1): 51-64. 2020.
    The most common form of direct realism is Phenomenological Direct Realism. PDR is the theory that direct realism consists in unmediated awareness of the external object in the form of unmediated awareness of its relevant properties. I contrast this with Semantic Direct Realism, the theory that perceptual experience puts you in direct cognitive contact with external objects but does so without the unmediated awareness of the objects’ intrinsic properties invoked by PDR. PDR is what most understan…Read more
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    Objectivity: How is it Possible?
    In Christoph Limbeck-Lilienau & Friedrich Stadler (eds.), The Philosophy of Perception: Proceedings of the 40th International Ludwig Wittgenstein Symposium, De Gruyter. pp. 23-38. 2019.
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    Benacerraf’s Problem, Abstract Objects and Intellect
    In Zsolt Novák & András Simonyi (eds.), Truth, reference, and realism, Central European University Press. pp. 235-262. 2010.
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    Essays on Berkeley
    with John Foster
    Noûs 23 (2): 263-265. 1989.
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    It is a standard feature of modern philosophy, at least from Locke, to tie together the questions of how we perceive the world and what we have reason to think the world is like in itself. This is a natural connection, because the questions of how we perceive it, and what kind of conception of it we can best form on the basis of that mode of perception, are obviously intimately linked. Part I of this volume defends the sense-datum theory of perception against its opponents, and argues that the s…Read more
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    The Bloomsbury Companion to Analytic Philosophy (edited book)
    Bloomsbury Academic. 2013.
    A one volume reference guide to historical and contemporary developments in analytic philosophy, written by a team of leading scholars from across the world.
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    Berkeley’s Thought (review)
    Mind 113 (451): 571-575. 2004.
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    The author considers two arguments concerning the nature of space which occur in Berkeley and which he thinks are not sufficiently discussed. The first one concerns the phenomenology of space, the second the physics of space. The first one is the “mite” argument, while the second draws from Newton’s two thought experiments concerning absolute space: the “bucket” experiment and the “balls” experiment. The author’s aim is to support the idealist approach to space.
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    Mind and Body in Aristotle
    Classical Quarterly 28 (1): 105-124. 1978.
    In this paper I hope to show that a particular modern approach to Aristotle's philosophy of mind is untenable and, out of that negative discussion, develop some tentative suggestions concerning the interpretation of two famous and puzzling Aristotelian maxims. These maxims are, first, that the soul is the form of the body and, second, that perception is the reception of form without matter. The fashionable interpretation of Aristotle which I wish to criticize is the attempt to assimilate him to …Read more
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    Universals (review)
    Philosophia Christi 5 (1): 301-303. 2003.
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    Published in 1982 by CUP (pb. 2009) it discusses the forms of materialism then current, including Davidson, early Rorty, but concentrating on Smart and Armstrong, and arguing that central state materialism fails to give a better 'occurrent' account of conscious states than does behaviourism/functionalism, as Armstrong claims. The book starts with a version of the 'knowledge argument' and ends with a chapter claiming that our conception of matter/the physical is more problematic than our concepti…Read more