Ibrahim Hassan

The modern technologies and applications compatible working with various operating systems increase the accuracy of completion and quick access, and as a result of the increasing reliance on Wi-Fi networks and the use of mobile phones and their applications and the spread of e-learning with the tendency to e-books on a large scale, This paper focused on developing a system that generates a unique QR code containing information and an identifier number for each electronic book within E-library system based on a customized database. The system will automatically generate a unique QR code for each book, that includes brief information about the book and its ID number, this QR code can be scanned by any scanner application and identify the book's information quickly and easily, noting that the QR scanning process can be done without the need for the mobile device to be connected to the Internet.

Develop and improve the Maintenance Management System for leads to the integration of maintenance operations. The maintenance unit in the college contains several departments such as inventory, computers, electronic materials, and electricity. The system is a web application, works based on the network where a package is uploaded to the internal server of the college or on the internet, the database is installed and the URL is prepared, as authorized users are logged in through it. The system provides protection and restriction of the user's permissions, each user has the authority and interfaces dedicated to accessing it, the system consists of four users where maintenance requests are transmitted sequentially between users. Each user is provided with a username and password, in addition to linking each user to the system via his university email and sending notifications of maintenance requests through it, this provides privacy for the user and ease of tracking work. The main unit in the college can monitor the progress of maintenance requests, three cases appear to know the stage of the request’s arrival, such as. Two strategies were relied on to manage demands and maintenance work, such as corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance, to cover all maintenance operations in the college.

The establishment of a nominally Anglo-Egyptian partnership, but practically a defacto British rule in the Sudan, led the British to appoint Egyptians in religious posts, including the position of the Grand Qāḍī. But the British drive to de-Egyptianise the Sudan administration, and the steady rise of Sudanese nationalism led the British government, after a long acrimonious debate, to appoint a Sudanese to be the Grand Qāḍī. This move, the historical survey shows, was well received by the Sudanese ‘ulamā and the Muftī apparently went to the extent of “fabricating” religious evidence in its favour.

The belief in the expected redeemer or the Mahdī is a well-known concept in the history of Islam. However, the notion has been opened to several interpretations and misinterpretations from various Islamic sects, each asserting that its own version of the Mahdiyyah is authentic and valid. As a result, several Islamic movements were orchestrated under the banner of the Mahdiyyah; prominent among them in Africa are those of Muhammad Ibn Tumart, the patron of the Muwaḥḥidūn State in north Africa, Muḥammad AÍmad ibn ʿAbdullāh, the architect of the Mahdist State in the Sudan and Sheikh ʿUsmān Dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate. This article explores the authenticity of the notion of the Mahdiyyah in Islam, which constitutes the basis for the main discourse of the study, namely, the status of the Mahdiyyah as conceived by Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio, and the resultant impact of the Sheikh’s Mahdiyyah on the Sudanese Mahdiyyah.