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The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science | Vol 75, No 3British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71 (4): 1187-1207. 2018.
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Reasoning by analogy and the transdisciplinarian’s circle: on the problem of knowledge transfer across cases in transdisciplinary researchSustainability Science 18 1343-1353. 2023.In their 2018 paper, Carolina Adler, Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn, Thomas Breu, Urs Wiesmann, and Christian Pohl propose that transferability of knowledge across cases in transdisciplinary research should be thought of in terms of arguments by analogy. We aim to advance this discussion about transferability by examining it in the light of recent ideas about knowledge transfer, extrapolation, and external validity in the philosophy of science. We problematise Adler et al.’s proposal by identifying the …Read more
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3The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science | Vol 75, No 3British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71 (4): 1187-1207. 2018.
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1Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science (edited book)Routeldge. 2021.In bringing together a global community of philosophers, Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science develops novel perspectives on epistemology and philosophy of science by demonstrating how frameworks from academic philosophy (e.g. standpoint theory, social epistemology, feminist philosophy of science) and related fields (e.g. decolonial studies, transdisciplinarity, global history of science) can contribute to critical engagement with global dimensions of knowledge and science. Global c…Read more
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81We Have No Satisfactory Social Epistemology of AI-Based ScienceSocial Epistemology 38 (4): 458-475. 2024.In the social epistemology of scientific knowledge, it is largely accepted that relationships of trust, not just reliance, are necessary in contemporary collaborative science characterised by relationships of opaque epistemic dependence. Such relationships of trust are taken to be possible only between agents who can be held accountable for their actions. But today, knowledge production in many fields makes use of AI applications that are epistemically opaque in an essential manner. This creates…Read more
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48Social and cognitive diversity in science: introductionSynthese 202 (2): 1-10. 2023.In this introduction to the Topical Collection on Social and Cognitive Diversity in Science, we map the questions that have guided social epistemological approaches to diversity in science. Both social and cognitive diversity of different types is claimed to be epistemically beneficial. The challenge is to understand how an increase in a group’s diversity can bring about epistemic benefits and whether there are limits beyond which diversity can no longer improve a group’s epistemic performance. …Read more
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18Societal Impact in Research Collaborations beyond the Boundaries of SciencePerspectives on Science 31 (6): 744-770. 2023.Research collaborations beyond the boundaries of science—such as transdisciplinary, participatory or co-research projects—usually aim at increasing the societal impact of the research conducted. In the literature discussing such collaborations, as well as in science policy endorsing them, it is generally assumed that the wanted societal impact is achieved through exchange that contributes to knowledge production and to the results of the research. However, collaboration beyond the boundaries of …Read more
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PostscriptIn David Ludwig & Inkeri Koskinen (eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science, Routeldge. 2021.
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Philosophy or philosophies? Epistemology or epistemologies?In David Ludwig & Inkeri Koskinen (eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science, Routeldge. 2021.
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Structural epistemic (in)justice in global contextsIn David Ludwig & Inkeri Koskinen (eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science, Routeldge. 2021.
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23How institutional solutions meant to increase diversity in science failSynthese 200 (6). 2022.Philosophers of science have in recent years presented arguments in favour of increasing cognitive diversity, diversity of social locations, and diversity of values and interests in science. Some of these arguments align with important aims in contemporary science policy. The policy aims have led to the development of institutional measures and instruments that are supposed to increase diversity in science and in the governance of science. The links between the philosophical arguments and the in…Read more
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14Reactivity as a tool in emancipatory activist researchEuropean Journal for Philosophy of Science 12 (4): 1-15. 2022.Reactivity is usually seen as a problem in the human sciences. In this paper I argue that in emancipatory activist research, reactivity can be an important tool. I discuss one example: the aim of mental decolonisation in indigenous activist research. I argue that mental decolonisation can be understood as the act of replacing harmful looping effects with new, emancipatory ones.
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56Participation and ObjectivityPhilosophy of Science 1-36. forthcoming.Many philosophers of science have recently argued that extra-academic participation in scientific knowledge production does not threaten scientific objectivity. Quite the contrary: citizen science, participatory projects, transdisciplinary research, and other similar endeavours can even increase the objectivity of the research conducted. Simultaneously, researchers working in fields where such participation is common have expressed worries about various ways in which it can result in biases. In …Read more
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36Distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate roles for values in transdisciplinary researchStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 91 (C): 191-198. 2022.
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32A useful overview of contemporary debates about scientific objectivity: Stephen John: Objectivity in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021, 75 pp, £15 PB (review)Metascience 31 (2): 171-174. 2022.
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3663Philosophy or Philosophies? Epistemology or Epistemologies?In David Ludwig & Inkeri Koskinen (eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science, Routeldge. 2021.
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625Miten humanistinen tutkimus vaikuttaa yhteiskunnassa?Tiedepolitiikka 4 (2016). 2016.Tieteen yhteiskunnallisen vaikuttavuuden käsite on nykyään kohtuuttoman kapea. Tilanne on hermeneuttisesti epäoikeudenmukainen: etenkin humanistisen tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus jää näkymättömiin, koska käytettävä vaikuttavuuden käsite ei kata sitä. Tämä hapertaa jopa humanististen alojen itseymmärrystä. Humanistinen tutkimus vaikuttaa kuitenkin konkreettisin tavoin siihen, keitä olemme.
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31Mitä tiedollista hyötyä tieteilijöille voi olla tutkimusyhteistyöstä taiteilijoiden kanssa? Taiteilijoiden kanssa työskennelleet tieteilijät usein kyllä pitävät kokemusta kiehtovana, mutta sen hyötyjen tarkka kuvaaminen vaikuttaa vaikealta. Monialaisen yhteistyön odotetaan usein lisäävän tutkimuksen yhteiskunnallista vaikuttavuutta, mutta odotus ei sovellu juuri tieteilijöiden ja taiteilijoiden yhteistyöhön kovinkaan hyvin. Selkeytän sosiaalisessa epistemologiassa ja feministisessä tieteenfiloso…Read more
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21Researchers Building Nations: Under what conditions can overtly political research be objective?In Uskali Mäki, Stéphanie Ruphy, Gerhard Schurz & Ioannis Votsis (eds.), Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science, Springer. 2015.The idea that in order to be objective, research should be value-free, has recently been questioned in philosophy of science. I concentrate on two senses of objectivity, detached objectivity and interactive objectivity that do not require value-freedom. I use each of these to assess a young, strongly value-laden and overtly political discipline: indigenous studies. It has been criticised as relativistic and essentialistic, and in consequence, as not objective in the detached sense of objectivity…Read more
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Voiko se olla objektiivista? Tieteenulkoinen tieto ja yhteistyö soveltavassa kulttuurintutkimuksessaIn T. Suopajärvi and J. Ylipulli P. Hämeenaho (ed.), Soveltava kulttuurintutkimus. 2018.Tieteelliseen tutkimukseen osallistuu nykyään muitakin kuin tutkijoita. Paikallisyhteisöjen edustajat, kokemusasiantuntijat tai vaikkapa taiteilijat saattavat tehdä yhteistyötä tutkijoiden kanssa. Yhdessä he etsivät kattavampaa ymmärrystä käytännön ongelmista ja entistä toimivampia ratkaisuja niihin. Tällainen tutkimus on liki vääjäämättä arvolatautunutta, mutta tulosten pitäisi kuitenkin olla objektiivisia. Miten tämä onnistuu? Tarjoan kysymykseen tieteenfilosofisen vastausehdotuksen.
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62Relativism in the Philosophy of AnthropologyIn Martin Kusch (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Relativism, Routledge. 2019.This chapter explores arguments, ideas, and practices related to relativism in social and cultural anthropology. It covers discussions about cultural relativism, methodological relativism, conceptual relativism, relativism about rationality, moral relativism, epistemic relativism, and ontological relativism.
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73Scientific/Intellectual Movements Remedying Epistemic Injustice: The Case of Indigenous StudiesPhilosophy of Science 86 (5): 1052-1063. 2019.Whereas much of the literature in the social epistemology of scientific knowledge has focused either on scientific communities or research groups, we examine the epistemic significance of scientific/intellectual movements (SIMs). We argue that certain types of SIMs can play an important epistemic role in science: they can remedy epistemic injus- tices in scientific practices. SIMs can counteract epistemic injustices effectively because many forms of epistemic injustice require structural and not…Read more
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43Seemingly Similar Beliefs: A Case Study on Relativistic Research PracticesPhilosophy of the Social Sciences 41 (1): 84-110. 2011.The kind of epistemic relativism usually refuted by its critics is less frequently observable in ethnographic research practices than the critics assume. Instead, methodological conceptual relativism can be recognized in several cases. This has significant practical implications, since the kind of epistemic relativism described by its critics, if rigorously followed, could lead to ethnographers conflating ways of argumentation accepted by their informants, with ways of argumentation accepted in …Read more
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551Where is the epistemic community? On democratisation of science and social accounts of objectivitySynthese 194 (12): 4671-4686. 2017.This article focuses on epistemic challenges related to the democratisation of scientific knowledge production, and to the limitations of current social accounts of objectivity. A process of ’democratisation’ can be observed in many scientific and academic fields today. Collaboration with extra-academic agents and the use of extra-academic expertise and knowledge has become common, and researchers are interested in promoting socially inclusive research practices. As this development is particula…Read more
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60Objectivity in contexts: withholding epistemic judgement as a strategy for mitigating collective biasSynthese 199 (1-2): 211-225. 2020.In this paper I discuss and develop the risk account of scientific objectivity, which I have recently introduced, contrasting it to some alternatives. I then use the account in order to analyse a practice that is relatively common in anthropology, in the history of science, and in the sociology of scientific knowledge: withholding epistemic judgement. I argue that withholding epistemic judgement on the beliefs one is studying can be a relatively efficient strategy against collective bias in thes…Read more
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913Philosophy of Science for Sustainability ScienceSustainability Science 1 (N/A): 1-11. 2020.Sustainability science seeks to extend scientific investigation into domains characterized by a distinct problem-solving agenda, physical and social complexity, and complex moral and ethical landscapes. In this endeavor it arguably pushes scientific investigation beyond its usual comfort zones, raising fundamental issues about how best to structure such investigation. Philosophers of science have long scrutinized the structure of science and scientific practices, and the conditions under which t…Read more
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186Defending a Risk Account of Scientific ObjectivityBritish Journal for the Philosophy of Science 71 (4): 1187-1207. 2020.When discussing scientific objectivity, many philosophers of science have recently focused on accounts that can be applied in practice when assessing the objectivity of something. It has become clear that in different contexts, objectivity is realized in different ways, and the many senses of objectivity recognized in the recent literature seem to be conceptually distinct. I argue that these diverse ‘applicable’ senses of scientific objectivity have more in common than has thus far been recogniz…Read more
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76Critical Subjects: Participatory Research Needs to Make Room for DebatePhilosophy of the Social Sciences 44 (6): 733-751. 2014.Participatory research in anthropology attempts to turn informants into collaborators, even colleagues. Researchers generally accept the idea of different knowledge systems, and the practice of avoiding critical appraisal of alien knowledge systems, common in ethnography, is continued within participatory research. However, if the aim of participatory research is to turn informants into collaborators, or ideally colleagues, the ethical imperative of offering constructive criticism to colleagues …Read more
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85Extra-academic transdisciplinarity and scientific pluralism: what might they learn from one another?European Journal for Philosophy of Science 6 (3): 419-444. 2016.The paper looks at challenges related to the ideas of integration and knowledge systems in extra-academic transdisciplinarity. Philosophers of science are only starting to pay attention to the increasingly common practice of introducing extra-academic perspectives or engaging extra-academic parties in academic knowledge production. So far the rather scant philosophical discussion on the subject has mainly concentrated on the question whether such engagement is beneficial in science or not. Meanw…Read more
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University of HelsinkiDepartment of Philosophy (Theoretical Philosophy, Practical Philosophy, Philosophy in Swedish)Academy of Finland Research Fellow
Helsinki, Finland