Inna Savytska

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the problem of the crisis of national Ukrainian identity against the background of Russian military aggression, which is a strategic threat to the country, which has been fighting for its independence and territorial integrity for years. The purpose of the study was to investigate the possibilities and means of influencing cultural policy on the process of developing the national identity of Ukrainians. To achieve this goal, the following procedures were applied: analytical and synthetic research, phenomenological, dialectical, cultural, descriptive, and causal methods that reveal the content of cultural policy and identify influences on the processes of national identification. The basis of the research was the thesis that culture, being a phenomenon of the living world, is simultaneously an instrument of politics, a means of communication, and a tool for manipulating consciousness. In the course of the research, it was found that non-violent and non-aggressive means of cultural policy are more effective for the processes of self-identification and development of national identity, intercultural communication, compared to conventional mechanisms of influence, which are often ineffective in modern conditions of postnon-classical society with its uncertainty, transnational ties, hybrid wars, etc. Aesthetic and emotional perception, typical of culture and art, appeals to the ideas of cultural unity, the heredity of cultural traditions, common markers of memory as a basis for understanding complex issues of socio-political existence. It precedes a rationally substantiated awareness of reality, providing at the aesthetic level the development of pre-conceptual impressions through emotions, irrational manifestations. Detached values of the aesthetic acquire the ability to influence reality, containing a perfect image of proper existence, reflect the socio-cultural matrix of the present, and provide stable mechanisms for identifying the individual and social development, objectified in political programmes, ethical principles, worldview ideas, creative acts, etc. The results of the study can be used by state and local authorities, public organisations for strategic planning and correction of cultural policy, cultural diplomacy, etc.

The article defines the content and structure of the concept of "value worldview of students of socio-economic professions at life sciences universities". It is noted that a worldview is a set of views, assessments, principles that generalize the understanding of the world and the place (purpose) of a man in it. For a worldview, it is fundamental to transform knowledge into beliefs, lifestyles, and norms of behavior. It ensures the fulfilment of the most important functions in human life and forms the basis of life. A worldview is a mechanism for transforming knowledge and feelings into beliefs that influence behavior. A number of methods were used, including analysis and synthesis of approaches (configuration and synergetic). The author interprets the value worldview of students of socio-economic professions at life sciences universities as a systematic set of ideas, assessments, attitudes that provide a holistic vision of the world around them, their place in it, their own life position and their corresponding actions. The structure of the worldview is outlined by: experience, on the basis of which the world perception is formed as the basis of the worldview; knowledge, on the basis of which the world understanding is formed; purpose; values (happiness, love, truth, virtue, beauty, freedom, etc.), which are the basis of beliefs, ideals of a person. The author grounds that the set of values determines the content and structure of the worldview. It includes: a system of axiological knowledge; value views and beliefs that determine the motives of students' behavior; value ideals that lead to the development of the individual as an active subject of society; criteria for value assessment of the world around them. The author emphasizes on the possibility of presenting the structure of the value worldview of students of socio-economic professions at life sciences universities as a set of objective (knowledge) and subjective (beliefs, ideals) elements, where each of them has a very specific functional purpose. Attention is drawn to the dependence of students' value worldview by the combination of intellectual and mental components with sensory and emotional ones. Therefore, it contains an incentive to act, which makes it convincing. It is manifested at the following levels of perfection (maturity) –the world perception, world awareness, world understanding. The author sees the prospect of further scientific research in generalizing the national and foreign experience of forming the value worldview of students of socio-economic professions at life sciences universities, defining the methodological foundations of this process.

From a philosophical point of view, the peculiarities of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of such a phenomenon of the modern world as transhumanism are investigated. The phenomenon of transhumanism needs a thorough philosophical understanding, taking into account the claims put forward within its limits. After all, transhumanism at the philosophical and scientific level recognizes the possibility of improving human nature from the point of view of avoiding suffering, disease, and death; expanding her physical, mental and psychological capabilities. It is about using scientific tools to create a superhuman. What used to belong to the realm of fiction is becoming a real possibility in today's world. However, since we are talking about the endowment of a person with supernatural capabilities, despite the dizzying opportunities that open up, it is necessary to take into account the ethical aspect of the problem, the moments of responsibility of scientists for their scientific actions from the point of view of the threats they may pose. The research asks why, despite all the dangers associated with human intervention in nature and the largely unpredictable consequences of such interventions, people still do not give up on experiments to improve their nature?

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of trends in the development of modern epistemology and the peculiarities of the methodology of sociohumanitarian cognition in the context of determining the values and priorities of society. The problems of social epistemology are revealed, the depth of this issue, its openness to further research is shown. It is proved that the context of social epistemology helps to look in a new way at the fundamental values for society, at the theoretical and practical issues of social conditionality of cognition and knowledge. An overview of its basic concepts and problems is given, an analysis of the relations of social epistemology with other social sciences and humanities is made, examples of its application in situational research are demonstrated, its theoretical origins and a number of the most important discussions are reconstructed. The contribution that makes this direction to modern philosophy is shown. The theoretical significance of social epistemology is determined by the central role of society in the process of knowledge formation. Its practical importance is due to its possible role in the restructuring of social institutions focused on the storage, processing and production of information. The analysis shows that the methodology of social cognition should be based on the principles of objectivity, unity of logical and historical, social theory and practice.

The author made a theoretical analysis of the impact of communication and expression of emotions in social networks on the individual. The conditions of origin, distribution and use of social networks in the formation of a new social environment for the implementation of social ties are considered. The properties of social networks and their impact on modern society are analyzed. In recent decades, attention to emotions has grown again among scientists from various disciplines: psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology, cognitive sciences, computer science, sociology, economics and many others. It is noted that social networks have helped us become closer to our friends, even at a long distance. The urgency of the topic is due to the urgent need to study the features of social networks as a type of social structures formed as a result of the development of electronic social communications.

The article shades light on the role and influence of oriental philosophical traditional views on the development of man, the process of his spiritual self-realization, formation of spiritual values from the point of view of the concepts of modern philosophy. The philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of individual freedom in ancient philosophy, in particular, classical Indian yoga, has been carried out. Practical methods of achieving the liberation of consciousness offered by the yoga system are analyzed. It is noted that the value of yoga as a spiritual teaching lies precisely in its effective practical method of self-perfection. Awareness of universal unity implies depersonalization as a way towards liberation and the emergence of a new state of consciousness, to which the true reality is revealed - the deep unity of all things. Emphasis is placed on spiritual freedom as a basic concept in social philosophical cognition in classical Indian yoga and oriental philosophy.

The freedom theme has always been in the centre of life and philosophical and political discourse. Freedom is one of the magic words causing many positive emotions in everyday life. Certain social and philosophical studies highlight the ways of replacing traditional and, sometimes, spontaneous absolutization of human freedom at an empirical level of social consciousness. It lies in achieving desired results and being entitled to choose what to achieve. The difference between these “formulas” is obvious. In the second case, one can observe one's acceptance of certain restrictions of freedom due to social reality and understanding that it can only be fully realized through self-restraint. However, one needs to come to such conclusions on one’s own. Practice shows that the categorical power of authorities in terms of citizens’ duties mostly leads to opposite results. Therefore, more than ever, it is essential to develop a permanent, well-developed, multi-level humanitarian programme for working with the population based on social and philosophical studies. The state needs to build the “net” of permanent special state-owned institutions since it will improve the quality of public administration, pave the way for tolerance and successful compromises. The ultimate goal of this article is to form a conscious civic position and self-determination as a result of one’s full awareness of responsibility for one’s decisions.