James Chen

Background: PPM1G is a nuclear localized serine/threonine phosphatase implicated to be a regulator of chromatin remodeling, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage. However, its in vivo function is unknown. Results: Here we show that ppm1g expression is highly enriched in the central nervous system during mouse and zebrafish development. ppm1g-/- mice were embryonic lethal with incomplete penetrance after E12.5. Rostral defects, including neural tube and craniofacial defects were observed in ppm1g-/- embryos associated with increased cell death in the neural epithelium. In zebrafish, loss of ppm1g also led to neural defects with aberrant neural marker gene expression. Primary fibroblasts from ppm1g-/- embryos failed to grow without immortalization while immortalized ppm1g-/- fibroblasts had increased cell death upon oxidative and genotoxic stress when compared to wild type fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed a critical role for PPM1G in normal development and cell survival. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In his celebrated 1959 lecture, "The Two Cultures," C.P. Snow excoriated the conflict between the scientific and literary cultures. That conflict still resonates in a society crippled by cultural divides over a wide range of scientifically sophisticated issues, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, childhood vaccination, embryonic stem cell research, abortion, and end-of-life decisionmaking. C.S. Holling, Lance Gunderson, and Donald Ludwig have responded to Snow's challenge by proposing an integrative theory of panarchy for organizing our understanding of the dynamics underlying complex economic, ecological, and institutional systems. Drawing lessons from the intertwined Greek myths of Midas, Hermes, and Pan, this essay concludes that the quest for truth in science and in law will favor those who, like the god of unpredictable change, have long heard and always will hear the music.