Javier Molina

Este trabajo intenta proponer una lectura del libro Privilegio o del derecho a la filosofía (Derrida, 2023) desde la relación entre filosofía y pueblo que Jacques Derrida presenta a través de la noción de derecho utilizada por Kant en la Metafísica de las costumbres. Mostraremos cómo la definición de pueblo está atravesada por distintos factores que le quitan su potencia política y que su adjetivación, es decir, lo popular, puede restituir aquello que la filosofía como privilegio no contiene, a saber, politicidad. A través de algunos análisis de las palabras pueblo y popular, y desde la idea de que la filosofía es una lengua en otra lengua, mostraremos que el sintagma “derecho a la filosofía”, comprendido desde el sustantivo y el adverbio “derecho”, sitúa a la filosofía en la dimensión aporética. En efecto, esto nos permitirá afirmar que el acceso a lo filosófico es de todo ser lingüístico, racional, independientemente de su lengua. De esta manera, concluiremos que la filosofía popular, como lengua, supone un constante cuestionamiento a la institución filosófica, a su autoridad y, por tanto, la posibilidad de la igualdad filosófica.

Introduction Adolescents’ physical activity (PA) behavior can be driven by several psychosocial determinants at the same time. Most analyses use a variable-based approach that examines relations between PA-related determinants and PA behavior on the between-person level. Using this approach, possible coexistences of different psychosocial determinants within one person cannot be examined. Therefore, by applying a person-oriented approach, this study examined a) which profiles regarding PA-related psychosocial variables typically occur in female sixth-graders, b) if these profiles deliver a self-consistent picture according to theoretical assumptions, and c) if the profiles contribute to the explanation of PA. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 475 female sixth-graders. Seventeen PA-related variables were assessed: support for autonomy, competence and relatedness in PE as well as their satisfaction in PE and leisure-time; behavioral regulation of exercise (five subscales); self-efficacy and social support from friends and family (two subscales). Moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured using accelerometers. Data were analyzed using the self-organizing maps (SOM) analysis, a cluster analysis including an unsupervised algorithm for non-linear models. Results According to the respective level of psychosocial resources, a positive, a medium and a negative cluster were identified. This superordinate cluster solution represented a self-consistent picture that was in line with theoretical assumptions. The three-cluster solution contributed to the explanation of PA behavior, with the positive cluster accumulating an average of six minutes more moderate-to-vigorous PA per day than the medium cluster and ten minutes more than the negative cluster. Additionally, SOM detected a subgroup within the positive cluster that benefited from a specific combination of intrinsic and external regulations with regard to PA. Discussion The results underline the relevance of the assessed psychosocial determinants of PA behavior in female sixth-graders. The results further indicate that the different psychosocial resources within a given person do not develop independently of one another, which supports the use of a person-oriented approach. In addition, the SOM analysis identified subgroups with specific characteristics, which would have remained undetected using variable-based approaches. Thus, this approach offers the possibility to reduce data complexity without overlooking subgroups with special demands that go beyond the superordinate cluster solution.