•  7
    Molecular architecture of contactin-Associated protein-like 2 and its interaction with contactin 2
    with Z. Lu, Mvvvs Reddy, A. Kalichava, L. Zhang, F. Chen, Y. Wang, L. M. F. Holthauzen, M. A. White, S. Seshadrinathan, X. Zhong, G. Ren, and G. Rudenko
    Contactin-Associated protein-like 2 is a large multidomain neuronal adhesion molecule implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and language delay. We reveal here by electron microscopy that the architecture of CNTNAP2 is composed of a large, medium, and small lobe that flex with respect to each other. Using epitope labeling and fragments, we assign the F58C, L1, and L2 domains to the large lobe, the FB…Read more
  •  3
    Knowledge of three-dimensional structures of each individual particles of asymmetric and flexible proteins is essential in understanding those proteins' functions; but their structures are difficult to determine. Electron tomography provides a tool for imaging a single and unique biological object from a series of tilted angles, but it is challenging to image a single protein for three-dimensional reconstruction due to the imperfect mechanical control capability of the specimen goniometer under …Read more
  •  2
    DNA base pairing has been used for many years to direct the arrangement of inorganic nanocrystals into small groupings and arrays with tailored optical and electrical properties. The control of DNA-mediated assembly depends crucially on a better understanding of three-dimensional structure of DNA-nanocrystal-hybridized building blocks. Existing techniques do not allow for structural determination of these flexible and heterogeneous samples. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy and negative-st…Read more
  •  36
    Calligraphy as a Symbol System
    with Matteo Ravasio and Ye Zhu
    Philosophy East and West. forthcoming.
    We apply to the art of calligraphy some of the semiotic concepts developed by Nelson Goodman. While this framework cannot describe everything that is interesting and valuable about specific calligraphic traditions, we argue that it can nonetheless elegantly capture some distinctive features of calligraphy and of its position among other major art forms.
  •  230
    Analytic Aesthetics in Mainland China
    East Asian Journal of Philosophy 2 (3): 29-49. 2023.
    Since its emergence in the 1950s, analytic aesthetics has become the mainstream approach to aesthetics in the English-speaking world, and it has subsequently spread throughout most of the world, including mainland China. Although it was introduced into the Chinese academic world at an early time, around the late 1950s, and has been disseminated and researched in China over the past three decades, analytic aesthetics remains underdeveloped in China. Chinese academics tend to have little familiari…Read more