Jin Tian

Our information and communication environment has fallen short of the ideals that networked global communication might have served. Existing recommender systems very likely contribute to this shortfall. In this paper, which draws on the normative tools of philosophy of computing, informed by empirical and technical insights from computer science, we make the moral case for an alternative approach. We argue that existing recommenders incentivise mass surveillance, concentrate power, fall prey to narrow behaviourism, and compromise user agency. Rather than just trying to avoid algorithms entirely, or to incrementally alter the current paradigm, researchers and engineers should explore an alternative approach: the use of large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents to source and curate content that matches users’ preferences and values, expressed in natural language. The use of Language Model Agents for recommendation poses its own challenges, including those related to candidate generation, computational efficiency, preference modelling, and prompt injection. Nonetheless, if implemented successfully, these systems could: guide us through the digital public sphere without relying on mass surveillance; shift power away from platforms towards users; optimise for what matters instead of just for behavioural proxies; and scaffold our agency instead of undermining it.

English language through the analysis of the gender culture can be seen in the Anglo-American culture, gender and cultural characteristics. English language, gender expression and symbol of Anglo-American cultural reality. Anglo-American culture, gender and cultural reality of this performance: men are always significant and positive image associated with, whereas women are often associated with negative meaning associated with the image; men are always linked with the important things, while women and unimportant things linked; men often linked to a strong successful image, while women are the losers and the weak image linked to. The article analyzes the culture of gender in England and America through English language. The traits of gender culture in the two societies are clearly revealed through English language. English language expresses, embodies and symbolizes the cultural reality of gender in the countries. The cultural reality of gender in British and American culture are as follows. Males are usually associated with positive images while females are associated with negative images. Males are usually associated with significant happenings while females are associated with insignificant ones. Males are usually associated with powerful and successful images while females are usually associated with weak and victimized images