Joao Carlos Pereira

Recent increased interest in the welfare of cephalopods may be mainly due to their inclusion in Directive 2010/63/EU, which regulates—in Member States of the European Union—the use of animals for scientific research and educational purposes. Here we aim to challenge this view by providing information and considerations that have a broader impact than the use of these animals in an experimental context. We aim to provide a discussion around arguments linked to cephalopods’ welfare.We (1) discuss historical contributions to the knowledge of welfare of this class of molluscs, (2) review the most significant elements required to assess and manage animals’ well-being in a research context, (3) review issues related to fisheries and aquaculture and their implications for cephalopod welfare, (4) suggest that the identification of a list of “needs” for these animals is required and review how deviations in their management may affect their welfare, and finally comment (5) that standardization is required to assure the quality of data and also (6) on some ethical and public perceptions of cephalopods as laboratory animals vs their use as food for human consumption.We believe this chapter will promote discussion around arguments that drive the consideration of welfare issues in all aspects of cephalopod science, from basic to applied, that extend well beyond the boundaries of the European Union.

In this paper, we explore psychosis and schizophrenia as prototype disturbances, where mentalizing failures are widely seen. We attempt to describe how the process of rekindling mentalizing within attachment relationships (here, the patient-therapist relationship) can have a protective effect not just on the onset of the disturbance, but also when psychosis is already actively installed. We start by discussing mentalizing in training, practice and supervision. We also try to understand it contextually, as a relational concept, within the history of psychological therapies.

Schizophrenia is usually described as a fragmentation of subjective experience and the impossibility to engage in meaningful cultural and intersubjective practices. Although the term schizophrenia is less than 100 years old, madness is generally believed to have accompanied mankind through its historical and cultural ontogeny. What does it mean to be “mad”? The failure to adopt social practices or to internalize cultural values of common sense? Despite the vast amount of literature and research, it seems that the study of schizophrenia and of the psychoses is suffering from a generic disintegration. In this introduction, we offer an historical overview of the variety of theories and approaches to schizophrenia. We also provide an overview of how the authors in this volume attempt an integrative account where training, practice, theory and research are considered as parts of a larger whole. This is a varied and pluralistic volume, and it is up to the readers to make use of different chapters according to their own needs.

This book explores the relationship between schizophrenia and common sense. It approaches this theme from a multidisciplinary perspective. Coverage features contributions from phenomenology, cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, psychology, and social cognition. The contributors address the following questions: How relevant is the loss of common sense in schizophrenia? How can the study of schizophrenia contribute to the study of common sense? How to understand and explain this loss of common sense? They also consider: What is the relationship of practical reasoning and logical formal reasoning with schizophrenia? What is the relationship between the person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and social values? Chapters examine such issues as rationality, emotions, self, and delusion. In addition, one looks at brain structure and neurotransmission. Others explore phenomenological and Wittgensteinian theories. The book features papers from the Schizophrenia and Common Sense International Workshop, held at New University of Lisbon, November 2015. It offers new insights into this topic and will appeal to researchers, students, as well as interested general readers.