Jose Martinez

The archaeological investigations conducted in recent years by the Mission of the University of Barcelona in the Basilica of St. Philoxenos at Oxyrhynchus have led to the identification of over 100 graffiti, a considerable number of which are written in Coptic. The study of these sources is broadening our knowledge of the role of the Coptic language in the multilingual and multicultural panorama of Byzantine Oxyrhynchus. Furthermore, it reveals essential data on the significant importance of graffiti practices in the local cultic panorama. The present contribution aims to provide a first insight into the agency and materiality of graffiti practices staged in this Oxyrhynchite religious institution during the early Byzantine phase.

_Background: _The Nutri-Score labelling system, based on the Food Standards Agency modified Nutrient Profiling System (FSAm-NPS) algorithm, assigns penalty points to four food components — energy, total sugars, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and sodium — calculated per 100 g. Prospective cohort studies have validated the FSAm-NPS dietary index as a mortality predictor. _Aims: _To examine whether the per-100-g reference unit of the FSAm-NPS algorithm is commensurable with the epidemiologically relevant exposure unit in dose-response nutrition research, and to evaluate implications for construct validity. _Methods: _Analytical review of the FSAm-NPS scoring architecture, Messick’s construct validity framework, and the exposure units reported in dose-response meta-analyses for the four penalised components. _Results: _Dose-response evidence for all four FSAm-NPS components is expressed in daily intake units (mg/day or g/day), not per 100 g of food. Converting these estimates to per-100-g units requires the assumption of a fixed portion size, rendering component weights arbitrary from the perspective of individual health risk. Prospective cohort validations do not resolve this problem: they validate a composite dietary quality index, not individual component weights. _Conclusion: _The FSAm-NPS algorithm contains an unresolved construct validity gap arising from unit incommensurability. Future iterations should either derive component weights from portion-corrected dose-response functions or explicitly declare these weights as normative conventions subject to periodic revision.

_Background:_ In commercial materials for rapid diagnostic tests, it is still common to find claims of “100% specificity”. From a statistical and epistemological point of view, this kind of statement is deeply problematic. _Aims:_ This paper examines how justified those claims really are and what they mean in concrete clinical and public health settings. _Methods:_ We analyze the statistical foundations of specificity estimation, apply the Mayo-Spanos severity framework, and review three commercial rapid antigen test listings to illustrate reporting practices. _Results:_ Claims of 100% specificity are either logically falsified by observed false positives or unsupported by finite validation samples. The rule of three shows that zero false positives in n negatives only rule out a false-positive rate above 3/n. Severity analysis reveals that even with 210 negative samples, the claim that specificity >99.5% is supported with only 65% severity. In low-prevalence settings, assuming 100% specificity inflates positive predictive value (PPV) from 66% to 100%. _Conclusion:_ Reporting 100% specificity is scientifically untenable. Regulatory and editorial standards could realistically require confidence intervals and, at the very least, discourage unqualified point estimates.

La acelerada urbanización ha propiciado una creciente desconexión entre los habitantes urbanos y la naturaleza, alterando la forma en que la biodiversidad se percibe, se experimenta y se valora. Este ensayo examina la dimensión estética de la fauna silvestre urbana como parte esencial de los servicios ecosistémicos culturales, subrayando su capacidad para crear vínculos sensoriales, emocionales, cognitivos y simbólicos. Ejemplos como los jabalíes en Europa y los coyotes en Estados Unidos, ilustran la complejidad de la coexistencia entre humanos y fauna en contextos urbanos. En la Ciudad de México se estudia la diversidad de especies presentes, junto con prácticas recreativas como la observación de aves y expresiones culturales que favorecen la reconexión con la naturaleza. Asimismo, se aborda la paradoja entre biodiversidad y valoración social. En respuesta, el proyecto "Aijo Mictlán" se propone como una iniciativa estética, inspirada en el ajolote mexicano, que integra arte, cultura y conservación.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse how stereotypes towards older people moderate the relationship between burnout and quality of life of professionals working in nursing homes.MethodA total of 312 professionals were asked to complete questionnaires of burnout Maslach Burnout Inventory quality of Life and aging stereotypes. The moderation effects were tested using linear regression models.ResultsA negative association was observed between burnout and QoL. It was also found a statistically significant moderator effect of the total score of stereotypes and the health stereotypes, besides a marginally statistically significant moderator effect for motivational stereotypes. The moderator effects were different for people with low and high negative stereotypes. QoL was more affected under conditions of high burnout, in which people with more negative stereotypes tended to present higher QoL than people with lower negative stereotypes.ConclusionHighly burned-out professionals in nursing homes may avoid their negative feelings projecting them to residents through stereotypes, as a way of coping with burnout and increasing their QoL. However, this mechanism is an “aggressive reaction” and may have negative effects for both the older adult and the professional. The comprehension of these variables is essential for developing adequate intervention programs.

This paper explores the link between the case for indeterminism in an epistemological fashion and methodological individualism in the thought of two defenders of both stances: Karl Popper and Friedrich Hayek. The relation between these issues has not received much attention before and even less so with regard to these two thinkers. First, Popper’s defence of indeterminism from an epistemic viewpoint and Hayek’s views about the indeterminism of action are studied. Second, their positions about methodological individualism are considered. Finally, several comparative questions are aired.

El Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano supuso una inédita fuente de esperanza para los pueblos del Continente, al implicar la colocación en la cúspide del ordenamiento jurídico del conjunto de derechos básicos y vías de participación política directa imprescindibles para lograr una auténtica democracia y un respeto efectivo a la dignidad del ciudadano. Lamentablemente, el Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano llevaba dentro de sí una serie de rémoras que lo malograron en gran medida. Mediante el presente trabajo reivindicamos la Constitución como herramienta insustituible para lograr una democracia real y una auténtica justicia social, exponiendo los logros del Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano y proponiendo alternativas a sus puntos débiles.