-
32Quantum Mechanics and the Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (review)Review of Metaphysics 59 (3): 636-638. 2006.
-
228The Nature of Chemical ExistenceIn Editors Paul Bogaard and Gordon Treash (ed.), Metaphysics as Foundation, State University of New York Press. pp. 272-284. 1992.
-
62Some Philosophical Influences on Ilya Prigogine’s Statistical MechanicsFoundations of Chemistry 8 (3): 271-283. 2006.During a long and distinguished career, Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003) pursued a coherent research program in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and related scientific areas. The main goal of this effort was establishing the origin of thermodynamic irreversibility (the ‘‘arrow of time’’) as local (residing in the details of the interaction of interest), rather than as global (being solely a consequence of properties of the initial singularity – the ‘‘Big Bang’’). In many…Read more
-
53How chemistry shifts horizons: element, substance, and the essentialFoundations of Chemistry 11 (2): 65-77. 2009.In 1931 eminent chemist Fritz Paneth maintained that the modern notion of “element” is closely related to (and as “metaphysical” as) the concept of element used by the ancients (e.g., Aristotle). On that basis, the element chlorine (properly so-called) is not the elementary substance dichlorine, but rather chlorine as it is in carbon tetrachloride. The fact that pure chemicals are called “substances” in English (and closely related words are so used in other European languages) derives from phil…Read more
-
20Chemical “substances” that are not “chemical substances”Philosophy of Science 73 (5): 841-852. 2006.
-
7Eric R. Scerri: Collected Papers on Philosophy of Chemistry (review)Science & Education 19 (9): 931-933. 2010.
-
444Should the Historical Star-System in Chemical Education Be Replaced? (review)Science & Education 26 (7-9): 1075-1078. 2017.
-
438A New ‘Idea of Nature’ for Chemical EducationScience & Education 22 (7): 1775-1786. 2013.This paper recommends that chemistry educators shift to a different ‘idea of nature’, an alternative ‘worldview.’ Much of contemporary science and technology deals in one way or another with dynamic coherences that display novel and important properties. The notion of how the world works that such studies and practices generate (and require) is quite different from the earlier concepts that are now integrated into science education. Eventual success in meeting contemporary technological and soci…Read more
-
158Constraints on the origin of coherence in far-from-equilibrium systemsIn Timothy E. Eastman & Henry Keeton (eds.), Physics and Whitehead: Quantum, Process and Experience, State University of New York Press. pp. 63-73. 2003.Origin of a dissipative structure in a chemical dynamic system: occurs under the following constraints: 1) Affinity must be high. (The system must be far from equilibrium.); 2) There must be an auto-catalytic process; 3) A process that reduces the concentration of the auto-catalyst must operate; 4) The relevant parameters (rate constants, etc.) must lie in a range corresponding to a limit cycle trajectory. That is, there must be closure of the network of reaction such that a state sufficiently…Read more
-
885How properties hold together in SubstancesIn Eric Scerri & Grant Fisher (eds.), Essays in Philosophy of Chemistry, Oxford University Press. pp. 199-216. 2016.This article aims to clarify how aspects of current chemical understanding relate to some important contemporary problems of philosophy. The first section points out that the long-running philosophical debates concerning how properties stay together in substances have neglected the important topic of structure-determining closure. The second part describes several chemically-important types of closure and the third part shows how such closures ground the properties of chemical substances. The f…Read more
-
22Towards A Reapprehension of Causal EfficacyProcess Studies 24 34-38. 1995.Whitehead held that actual entities (occasions) are based on feelings (prehensions) of the antecedent world. He considered both "simple" and "transmuted" (combined) feelings. The notion that some interactions are "simple" was consistent with the dominant thrust of the science of the first third of this century, marked by triumphs of analysis such as identification of neutrons and protons as component of atomic nuclei. The science of the last third of the century is rather different with greater …Read more
-
188Three Concepts of Chemical Closure and their Epistemological SignificanceIn Jean-Pierre Llored (ed.), The Philosophy of Chemistry: Practices, Methodology, and Concepts, Cambridge Scholars Press. pp. 506-616. 2013.Philosophers have long debated ‘substrate’ and ‘bundle’ theories as to how properties hold together in objects ― but have neglected to consider that every chemical entity is defined by closure of relationships among components ― here designated ‘Closure Louis de Broglie.’ That type of closure underlies the coherence of spectroscopic and chemical properties of chemical substances, and is importantly implicated in the stability and definition of entities of many other types, including those usuall…Read more
-
22A report on an international meeting held at Georgetown University on the Philosophy of Chemistry.
-
30Mind, Brain and the Quantum: The Compound 'I' (review)Review of Metaphysics 44 (4): 851-852. 1991.At the end of this impressive work, Michael Lockwood observes: "Philosophers, especially British philosophers tend, in my experience, to combine a rather complacent ignorance of science with an excessive respect for it". The author himself seems to be a definite exception to this generalization, since he reports that he has spent more than twenty years "thinking about the mind body problem and the interpretation of quantum mechanics" and displays a critical attitude toward statements based on sc…Read more
-
8Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (edited book)New York Academy of Science. 2003.This volume addresses relations between macroscopic and microscopic description; essential roles of visualization and representation in chemical understanding; historical questions involving chemical concepts; the impacts of chemical ideas on wider cultural concerns; and relationships between contemporary chemistry and other sciences. The authors demonstrate, assert, or tacitly assume that chemical explanation is functionally autonomous. This volume should he of interest not only to professional…Read more
-
33Would introductory chemistry courses work better with a new philosophical basis?Foundations of Chemistry 6 (3): 137-160. 2004.One of the main functions that introductory chemistry courses have fulfilled during the past century has been to provide evidence for the general validity of 'the atomic hypothesis.' A second function has been to demonstrate that an analytical approach has wide applicability in rationalizing many kinds of phenomena. Following R.G. Collingwood, these two functions can be recognized as related to a philosophical 'cosmology' (worldview, weltanshauung) that became dominant in the later Renaissance.…Read more
-
489Ontologically significant aggregation: Process structural realism (PSR)In Weber (ed.), Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought, De Gruyter. pp. 2--179. 2008.Combinations of molecules, of biological individuals, or of chemical processes can produce effects that are not simply attributable to the constituents. Such non-redundant causality warrants recognition of those coherences as ontologically significant whenever that efficacy is relevant. With respect to such interaction, the effective coherence is more real than are the components. This ontological view is a variety of structural realism and is also a kind of process philosophy. The designation …Read more
-
87How chemistry shifts horizons: Element, substance, and the essentialFoundations of Chemistry 11 (2): 65-77. 2008.In 1931 eminent chemist Fritz Paneth maintained that the modern notion of “element” is closely related to (and as “metaphysical” as) the concept of element used by the ancients (e.g., Aristotle). On that basis, the element chlorine (properly so-called) is not the elementary substance dichlorine, but rather chlorine as it is in carbon tetrachloride. The fact that pure chemicals are called “substances” in English (and closely related words are so used in other European languages) derives from phil…Read more
-
141Alan Chalmers: The scientist’s atom and the philosopher’s stone: how science succeeded and philosophy failed to gain knowledge of atoms: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 279, Springer, Dordrecht, 2009, 287 plus xi pages, $139.00, , ISBN 978-90-481-2361-2 (review)Foundations of Chemistry 13 (1): 79-83. 2010.
-
39Self-Organization and AgencyProcess Studies 11 (4): 242-258. 1981.Nature abounds in compound individuals. Discrete, functioning entities are made up of components which are, in some sense, also individuals. Scientists sometimes need to be concerned with whether aggregates (e.g.. species of plants) or components (e.g., quarks) exist. but such questions are not generally regarded as having great importance for science. It has often happened, however, that scientific developments have had major significance for subsequent philosophical discussion of problems of t…Read more
-
17Modes of Chemical BecomingHyle 4 (2). 1998.In the characterization of the ArCl2 'van der Waals complex', a recognizable pattern of well-defined peaks is observed in the microwave absorption spectrum. In the control of chaos in a chemical oscillatory reaction the power spectrum progressively becomes simpler, at length yielding a single peak. Since both of these cases generate coherences that are centers of agency, they should be considered to produce new chemical entities. Applicability of this ontological approach to coherences of wider …Read more
-
22Evolution and Creation (review)Review of Metaphysics 40 (2): 389-390. 1986.Among the many recent volumes dealing with tension between "creation" and "evolution," this one is highly unusual. It does not presuppose that these two ideas are intrinsically at odds. Rather, the general thrust of the work is to explore the possibility that "the two doctrines are not incompatible, that they may indeed be taken to complement one another in important ways."
-
89Why there is no salt in the seaFoundations of Chemistry 7 (1): 85-102. 2004.What, precisely, is `salt'? It is a certainwhite, solid, crystalline, material, alsocalled sodium chloride. Does any of that solidwhite stuff exist in the sea? – Clearly not.One can make salt from sea water easily enough,but that fact does not establish thatsalt, as such, is present in brine. (Paper andink can be made into a novel – but no novelactually exists in a stack of blank paper witha vial of ink close by.) When salt dissolves inwater, what is present is no longer `salt' butrather a colle…Read more
Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
Areas of Specialization
Metaphysics |
Philosophy of Physical Science |
Areas of Interest
Metaphysics |
Philosophy of Physical Science |