Juan Carlos Juan

This study aims to examine counseling services as determinants of senior secondary 2 students’ anti-social behaviour in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The main independent variable of the study was counseling services which includes informative counseling services, rehabilitation while the dependent variable is anti-social behaviours. Two hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 2686 senior secondary 2 students in 90 public secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone of which a sample of 700 senior secondary 2 students were selected using stratified and proportionate random sampling procedures. A questionnaire titled Counseling services and antisocial behaviour was used for data collection. The instrument was face-validated by two experts in measurement and evaluation from the University of Calabar. The reliability estimate of the questionnaire was established through the Cronbach alpha which ranges from give .82 to .87. Simple Linear Regression was the statistical technique adopted to test the two hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The results of the analysis revealed that informative counseling services, rehabilitation counseling service are significantly determinant of senior secondary 2 students’ anti- Social behaviour in public secondary schools in Calabar Education zone. Based on these findings, it was recommended that regular counseling services should be given to students in order to inform them about the acceptable behaviours in the society and to curb anti-social behaviours among them.

Cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during various laser dermatologic surgeries. However, as the application of single or multiple cryogen spurts becomes available on some commercial lasers devices, it is necessary to determine the optimal CSC parameters for different laser surgeries. The objective of this study was to measure the time the sprayed surface of a human skin phantom remains below water freezing temperature 0°C, referred to as subzero time, and below the cryogen boiling temperature -26°C, referred to as residence time, as well as the minimum surface temperature and the time at which Tmin occurs for two HSP-initial temperatures during and after the application of single and multiple cryogen spurts. For this propose, a HSP was used to measure ts, tr, Tmin, and tTminn for nine sequences: one SCS of ΔtT = TCT = 40 ms; four MCS sequences, all adding to a ΔtT of 40 ms but with different TCT up to 110 ms and, finally; four SCS that matched the TCT of the four MCS sequences, but lead to different ΔtT. Our results show that the differences between SCS and MCS sequences with the same TCT are negligible for all variables measured. Moreover, in this interval, this variables show a remarkable linear dependence with the TCT. Copyright © 2004 by ASME.