Juan Sandoval

In this investigation we analyze, from the point of view of glottopolitics, the metalinguistics discourses published on “El Boletín” of the Chilean Academy of the Spanish Language between 1915 and 1931, the period of the institution’s reactivation. This phase has special significance because the Chilean Academy strives to reposition itself in the Chilean cultural field after a long recess in which relevant changes developed in the country. At the same time the hispanist cultural trend acts with great force, represented by the Spanish Royal Academy and its American branches. Our frame of reference is historical glottopolitics, and our main analytical concept is language ideology. From this background we apply a discursive analysis oriented toward the contents of academic discourses published on the Academy’s official magazine in the already indicated period. Our conclusion is that the language ideology contained in the corpus corresponds in general terms to the standard language ideology but permeated by local specific context as well as global.

Resumen: Este ensayo tiene como propósito fundamentar teóricamente el carácter situado del conocimiento de la vida cotidiana. Como punto de partida, apoyándonos en la noción de “forma de vida” de Ludwig Wittgenstein, postulamos que nuestras decisiones son, fundamentalmente, usos prácticos de sistemas de reglas históricamente construidas y, por consiguiente, irreductibles a procedimientos algorítmicos de evaluación racional costo-beneficio. Posteriormente, para abordar la cuestión sobre las condiciones que hacen posible la incorporación subjetiva de estas reglas y, con ello, nuestro sentido práctico, recuperamos algunos planteamientos de las tesis del “trasfondo” de John Searle y habitus de Pierre Bourdieu. Luego de esta discusión, a partir de la perspectiva de los conocimientos situados de Donna Haraway, proponemos que la conformación de dicho sentido es siempre parcial, esto es, sujeto a prácticas articulatorias encarnadas. Finalmente, tras exponer sucintamente los principales aspectos críticos de las tesis “trasfondo” y habitus, argumentamos que la perspectiva de los conocimientos situados representa una alternativa plausible para fundamentar teórica y metodológicamente una nueva aproximación al conocimiento de la vida cotidiana.: This essay argues for a situated character of knowledge of everyday life. As a starting point, relying on Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of “form of life”, we propose that our decisions are fundamentally practical uses of historically constructed rules systems and, therefore, those are irreducible to algorithmic procedures of rational cost-benefit evaluation. Later, to address the question of the conditions that make possible the subjective incorporation of these rules and, with it, our practical sense, we recover some approaches from the “background” thesis of John Searle and habitus by Pierre Bourdieu. After this discussion, from Donna Haraway's perspective of situated knowledge, we propose that the conformation of that sense is always partial; that is, related to embodied articulatory practices. Finally, we argue that the perspective of situated knowledge represents a plausible alternative to theoretically and methodologically support an approach to knowledge of everyday life.