• I argue that we should ameliorate the concept of pain. The currently predominant concept, focused primarily or solely on treatment, is too narrow to accommodate the complexity of pain. This concept, when applied in clinical practice and medical research, causes epistemic harms that fall disproportionately on already marginalised groups. I argue that the primary purpose for which we need the concept is recognition, not treatment. To recognise someone in pain is to treat them as the primary episte…Read more